利用固体废弃物生产商品砂浆

砂浆是一类重要的建筑材料,砂浆的商品化是建筑业实施节能减排的重要方面。发展商品砂浆可以实现节约资源、减少污染。     

浅析河北省太行山区生态经济沟的可持续发展

河北省太行山区生态经济沟经过20多年的发展已取得了一定的成绩,在促进农业经济发展方面发挥了重要作用.面对新的形势,如何推进生态经济沟健康持续发展是一个重要课题.文章以河北省太行山区生态经济沟发展的现状为切入点,以生态经济相互协调为前提,以山区环境和资源、人口为依据,提出了建设农村高效农业,促进农村支柱产业发展等一系列建...     

A multi-method approach to delineate and validate migratory corridors

Context

Managers are faced with numerous methods for delineating wildlife movement corridors, and often must make decisions with limited data. Delineated corridors should be robust to different data and models.

Objectives

We present a multi-method approach for delineating and validating wildlife corridors using multiple data sources, which can be used conserve landscape connectivity. We used this approach to delineate and validate migration corridors for wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in the Tarangire Ecosystem of northern Tanzania.

Methods

We used two types of locational data (distance sampling detections and GPS collar locations), and three modeling methods (negative binomial regression, logistic regression, and Maxent), to generate resource selection functions (RSFs) and define resistance surfaces. We compared two corridor detection algorithms (cost-distance and circuit theory), to delineate corridors. We validated corridors by comparing random and wildebeest locations that fell within corridors, and cross-validated by data type.

Results

Both data types produced similar RSFs. Wildebeest consistently selected migration habitat in flatter terrain farther from human settlements. Validation indicated three of the combinations of data type, modeling, and corridor detection algorithms (detection data with Maxent modeling, GPS collar data with logistic regression modeling, and GPS collar data with Maxent modeling, all using cost-distance) far outperformed the other seven. We merged the predictive corridors from these three data-method combinations to reveal habitat with highest probability of use.

Conclusions

The use of multiple methods ensures that planning is able to prioritize conservation of migration corridors based on all available information.

     

电子束辐照杀菌对罗非鱼片冷藏期和感官品质的影响

【目的】研究电子束辐照对罗非鱼片冷藏期间相关生物学指标和感官品质的影响,为冰鲜罗非鱼片物理冷杀菌保鲜提供参考。【方法】鲜活宰杀的罗非鱼片经0,2,4,8 kGy不同剂量电子束辐照后于4℃冷藏18 d,于0,4,11,18 d测菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、色泽、鱼肉硬度、嗅感、pH值。同时对10 kGy电子束辐照灭菌的罗非鱼肉糜接种病原菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌),检测0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2 kGy电子束辐照后病原菌的存活率,确定电子束辐照D_(10)值。【结果】鲜活宰杀的罗非鱼片带菌量较高,菌落总数达1.6×10~6 CFU/g,且大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌都有检出。电子束辐照杀灭病原菌效果良好,大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌的D_(10)值均小于0.5 kGy。电子束辐照可显著抑制鱼片冷藏期间菌落总数增幅,减缓鱼肉硬度降幅。综合考虑感官品质因素,以4 kGy辐照保鲜罗非鱼片效果最佳。4 kGy辐照结合4℃冷藏,11 d时罗非鱼片无大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌检出,TVBN含量为20.91 mg/hg,嗅感显著优于未辐照处理和8 kGy辐照处理。【结论】用4 kGy电子束辐照可有效延长罗非鱼片冷藏时间,提高冷藏品质,4℃下可保鲜11 d。     

“WaterMan”: an on-farm water management game with heuristic capabilities

A modern computer-based simulation tool (WaterMan) in the form of a game for on-farm water management was developed for application in training events for farmers, students, and irrigators. The WaterMan game utilizes an interactive framework, thereby allowing the user to develop scenarios and test alternatives in a convenient, risk-free environment. It includes a comprehensive soil water and salt balance calculation algorithm. It also employs heuristic capabilities for modeling all of the important aspects of on-farm water management, and to provide quantitative performance evaluations and practical water management advice to the trainees. Random events (both favorable and unfavorable) and different strategic decisions are included in the game for more realism and to provide an appropriate level of challenge according to player performance. Thus, the ability to anticipate the player skill level, and to reply with random events appropriate to the anticipated level, is provided by the heuristic capabilities used in the software. These heuristic features were developed based on a combination of two artificial intelligence approaches: (1) a pattern recognition approach and (2) reinforcement learning based on a Markov decision processes approach, specifically the Q-learning method. These two approaches were combined in a new way to account for the difference in the effect of actions taken by the player and action taken by the system in the game world. The reward function for the Q-learning method was modified to reflect the suggested classification of the WaterMan game as what is referred to as a partially competitive and partially cooperative game.     

Promoting sustainable intensification in precision agriculture: review of decision support systems development and strategies

Precision agriculture provides important issues toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and thus available information and communications technology (ICT) systems are not used to their full potential. This paper addresses how to reduce the so-called “problem of implementation”, based on the knowledge that participatory approaches during the design and development process is one of the most important factors to frame technology adoption. The development of sustainable ICT systems through theories and methodologies from the fields of human computer interaction and user-centered design (UCD) is presented and an ongoing Swedish project for development of an agricultural decision support system (AgriDSS) for nitrogen fertilization is used as an example to frame the issue. The overreaching aim is to develop AgriDSSs that are sustainable in design as well as through design by stressing the importance of participatory approaches for the successful development of AgriDSSs. The Swedish project has the intention to apply a UCD approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this way of working is identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them through co-learning processes. Despite the challenges presented in this paper, ICT can contribute significantly to long-term sustainable development. Thus, several competences and scientific disciplines need to act in concert to help develop a sustainable development of agriculture via a transdisciplinary approach that can make an impact on society at many levels.