秋耕覆盖对马铃薯生长及水分利用效率的影响

在宁南旱区,采用免耕、深松、翻耕结合秸秆、地膜等覆盖耕作措施,以翻耕不覆盖为对照,研究覆盖耕作模式下休闲期土壤的蓄水保墒效果、马铃薯生育期土壤水分的变化特征及对作物生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:在休闲末期,不同覆盖耕作处理下0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量均比休闲初期明显提高.与翻耕不覆盖处理相比,免耕覆盖地膜、深松覆盖地膜和翻耕覆盖地膜处理0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量分别比对照处理提高7.6%,9.3%和8.0%.马铃薯生育前期,覆盖地膜结合不同耕作措施下0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量最高,生育中后期覆盖秸秆结合不同耕作处理对0~200 cm土层土壤保水效果最佳.覆盖地膜结合不同耕作处理能促进马铃薯生育前期的生长,生育中后期以覆盖秸秆结合不同耕作处理促进作用最为显著.不同覆盖耕作处理均能提高马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率,增产效果以免耕覆盖秸秆、深松覆盖秸秆和翻耕覆盖秸秆处理最为显著,分别较对照组增产51.2%,42.8%和35.3%,水分利用效率分别比对照组提高50.0%,42.3%和32.3%.可见,覆盖秸秆结合不同耕作处理的增产效果和提高水分利用效率最高.     

玉米籽粒突变体dek101的表型分析和精细定位

As the storage organ of maize, kernel development and accumulation of storage production directly determines maize yield and quality. In this study, a stable defective kernel mutant, named as defective kernel 101 (dek101), was identified during the development of double haploid (DH) lines in maize. The dek101 kernels displayed severely shrunk kernel appearance, significantly reduced kernel weight, lethal embryo, defective endosperm and were incapable of germinating. The dek101 showed obvious developmental abnormalities at 12 days after pollination (DAP). The fresh weight, dry weight and volume of the kernels were no longer increased after 21 DAP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that the starch granules of dek101 were significantly smaller compared with wild-type kernels. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the mutant trait was controlled by a recessive single gene. Using 441 F₂ individuals and 1648 F₃ individuals, dek101 was narrowed down to a genomic region of about 300 kb between the InDel marker IDP2182 and IDP4600 on chromosome 1, which contains five predicted genes. These results laid the foundation for mining functional genes related to maize kernel development and deciphering the mechanism of grain development.     

Elementary Exploration of the Mechanism and Applicable Prospects of Membrane Electroporation

Facing the construction of CATV's nationwide network and broadcasting and television comprehensive business information network, the transformation of the present CATV network into a wide band comprehensive network is discussed to fulfill the great potential of the present CATV network.     

Submicron Particles Sizing Methods and Measurement Techniques

Due to a series of wonderful characteristics, submicron particles are of high value in national economy, defense modernization and high technology fields, with wide application prospects. Submicron particle sizing methods and techniques are difficult problems in particle research field. Modern methods for particle sizing are stated and analyzed. Some problems are discussed when these methods are used for submicron particles.     

大豆尿黑酸叶绿基转移酶基因的克隆与进化分析

采用基于EST的电子克隆方法,以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的尿黑酸叶绿基转移酶基因(Homogentisate phytyltransferase,HPT)cDNA序列为信息探针,对大豆的EST数据库进行同源检索筛选,获得了1 777 bp长大豆HPT基因的cDNA序列(GenBank登录号为:AY956421),经RT-PCR扩增、分子克隆和序列分析验证,表明与电子克隆序列一致;该基因具有完整的开放阅读框架(ORF,173～1 408 bp),推测编码411个氨基酸的蛋白。该蛋白与拟南芥(Ara-bidopsis thaliana)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)、光合集胞蓝细菌(Synechocystis)的序列进行了比较,发现该基因具有保守性。     

银鲑不同部位肌肉的营养评价与特征风味分析

为科学评价银鲑不同部位肌肉的营养品质及风味差异,本试验以银鲑背部和腹部肌肉为原料,通过测定银鲑不同部位肌肉的基本营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,分析其营养学特征;采用气相离子迁移谱仪(GC-IMS)分析不同部位肌肉的特征风味.结果表明,除灰分外,银鲑背部和腹部肌肉的营养组成存在显著差异,腹部肌肉粗脂肪含量高达10.93 ...     

Pyrosequencing Reveals Significant Changes in Microbial Communities Along the Ecological Succession of Biological Soil Crusts in the Tengger Desert of China

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) have important ecological functions in arid and semiarid lands, but they remain poorly understood in terms of the changes in microbial communities during BSC succession under in situ field conditions. Here, 454 pyrosequencing was used to assess the microbial community composition of four BSC types in the Tengger Desert of China: alga, lichen (cyanolichen and green alga-lichen), and moss crusts, representing early, middle, and final successional stages of BSCs, respectively. The results showed the highest diversity of microbial communities inhabiting lichen crusts, whereas the lowest diversity was observed in moss crusts. Five phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria, accounted for about 72% to 87% of total prokaryotic sequences in different BSCs. The most abundant eukaryotic microorganism was Ascomycota, accounting for 47% to 93% of the total eukaryotic sequences. Along the succession of BSCs, the abundance of photoautotrophic Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta declined, and that of heterotrophic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi increased. Statistical analysis showed clear divergency of microbial taxa at the class level among the different successional stages of BSCs. The clustering results at class level showed that the moss crusts were the farthest from the rest in prokaryotic composition; the alga crusts were the most different in terms of eukaryotic microorganisms and the two kinds of lichen crusts were relatively closer in both compositions. Ordination analysis showed that the main variations of community structure among BSCs could be explained best by the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota and by physiochemical properties of BSCs, including mechanical composition, moisture, and electrical conductivity. In conclusion, our results indicate that Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota likely play an important role in the evolution of BSC structure and functions and highlight the importance of environmental factors in shaping microbial community structures of BSCs in the Tengger Desert of China.     

毛白杨叶绿体基因启动子和终止子的克隆及其功能鉴定

摘 要：从毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)无性系植株组培苗中提取基因组总DNA，通过合成3对特异性引物，用PCR的方法扩增了包含psbA基因启动子、终止子和16S rRNA基因启动子的叶绿体DNA序列。用BLAST及DNAMAN对克隆序列进行了分析，并结合前人的研究工作，确定了两个启动子Prrn、PpsbA的-35区、-10区以及翻译调控序列等重要调控序列元件和终止子的“TAA”序列。并在序列分析的基础上合成新的引物，准确克隆了毛白杨的叶绿体16S rRNA基因启动子Prrn、psbA基因启动子PpsbA及其终止子TpsbA。利用叶绿体基因启动子的原核表达特性，分别用启动子Prrn（其后添加rbcL基因的RBS序列）和PpsbA及终止子TpsbA分别构建了GFP基因的原核表达载体pSGmT、pPGmT，并以T7启动子为对照构建了GFP基因的原核表达载体pETGm，进行了初步的原核表达实验，检测结果表明：克隆到的叶绿体基因启动子和终止子是有生物学功能的，在大肠杆菌BL21中呈组成型表达，同时还证明了RBS序列在基因表达中的重要性。     

渭北旱塬苹果黑星病流行因子分析

利用渭北旱塬7年(1997～2003年)的温度、相对湿度、降水量和苹果黑星病流行程度资料,采用逐步回归法分析了影响渭北旱塬苹果黑星病流行的因子,求得最优回归子集,包括4月和8月份的降水量、前1年12月份的平均相对湿度、1月和7月份的平均温度,建立苹果黑星病多元线性回归预测模型,以残差绝对值<0．5为统计标准,对1997～2003年苹果黑星病的流行程度进行回测。结果表明,预测模型回测准确率高,可用于指导渭北旱塬苹果黑星病的防治工作。