玉米螟赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟种群的控制作用

为了解决深圳特区甜玉米产区日趋严重的农药污染问题,笔者在深圳龙岗生态示范农场甜玉米地研究了玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae的应用技术,分析了玉米螟赤眼蜂释放量、释放次数对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis Guen6e控制作用的关系,提出了最件释放方法.     

Model establishment and biological behaviour observation of mouse blastocyst co-cultured with hepatocarcinoma cell lines with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro

AIM: To explore interaction and biological behaviour changes of two kinds of cells-blastocysts and hepatocarcinoma cells in the same microenvironment. METHODS:The models of mouse blastocysts co-cultured with human hepatocarcinoma cell lines were established, then biological behaviours and mutual effects of the two kinds of cells in co-culture system were observed. RESULTS: Compared with control group, hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential significantly enhanced the rates of blastocyst hatchment , attachment and outgrowth(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in those among hepatocarcinoma cells co-cultured groups (P＞0.05). The blastocyst hatched and attached to hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential. Then, differential trophoblasts invaded hepatocarcinoma cells. The clear-cut interfaces were gradually formed between both sides. Hepatocarcinoma cells on interface showed changes of growth direction and cell shapes and did not invade blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocarcinoma cells promoted blastocyst development. Blastocysts implanted and invaded hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro, which indicate that blastocyst implantation in vitro does not relate with the kinds and differential level of interactional cells and the low selectivity maybe relate with high adaptability of early life.     

Effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65 of lung tissue in acute lung injury rats

AIM: To study the effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue of acute lung injury (ALI) rats. METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, model control, dectancyl group, water soluble derivative of propolis (WSP) group and ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) group. ALI animal model was performed by oleic acid and LPS twice attack. The pathologic slice was observed with light microscope and the NF-κB p65 activity and CD54 expression were tested by immunohistochemistry (SABC and SP). RESULTS: Both EEP and WSP antagonized the lung edema, decreased the inflammation and inhibited the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION: The increase in the expression of CD54 and the activation of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues of ALI were involved in the formation of ALI. Propolis ameliorated the lung damage, which maybe related to the inhibition of CD54 expression and NF-κB p65 activation.     

Differential regulating effect on estrogen receptor α and β expression in female rat hippocampus and cortex regions between different types of estrogen regents

AIM: To study the regulatory effect two different estrogen reagents on expressions of estrogen receptor α and β in female rat hippocampus and cortex regions. METHODS: 12 cycles after ovariectomy, female rats were orally injected with premarin or progynova for 3 cycles before sacrificed. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the ERs mRNA expression and SP immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the ERs protein distribution and expression. RESULTS: In premarin group, ER α mRNA levels in both hippocampus and cortex tissues decreased significantly compared with control. ER α protein level in hippocampus was lower than that in the control. However, ER α protein level in cortex had no statistical difference. ER β mRNA in the two regions and ER β protein in cortex had no statistical differences compared with control, while ER β protein level in hippocampus was higher than that in the control. In progynova group, both mRNA and protein levels of ER β increased significantly in the two regions compared with the control, and ER α mRNA level also increased in hippocampus, but ER α mRNA level in cortex and ER α protein levels in the above two regions showed no statistical differences. CONCLUSION: There were differential regulatory effects on ER α and ER β expression in female rat cognitive regions between the two different types of estrogen reagents, which may be one of the mechanisms of varied effects in different estrogen replacement therapy reagents.     

果寡糖对猪粪便细菌群作用下L-色氨酸代谢的影响

本试验研究了果寡糖对猪粪便细菌群作用下L -色氨酸代谢的影响。将 10 % (W/V)粪水厌氧分装于无菌瓶中 ,分成 4组 :1组 (对照 )添加 2 5 0 μmol/LL -色氨酸 ;2～ 4组 :分别在对照组的基础上添加 0 .5 % ,1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖。 38℃、厌氧培养。在培养期的不同时间点 (0 ,2 ,4 ,6 ,8,12 ,18,2 4h)分别从各瓶中取 1mL培养液 ,分析各培养液中吲哚类物质含量。培养 2 4h后 ,分析各培养液中细菌学指标和pH。结果表明 :含L -色氨酸的体外培养液中添加 0 .5 % ,1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖 ,培养 2 4h后 ,使粪臭素浓度、吲哚 - 3-乙酸峰值和pH值均显著降低。添加1.0 %和 1.5 %果寡糖显著降低色氨酸降解率和粪臭素相对产率 ,显著提高吲哚相对产率 ,显著降低梭菌和大肠杆菌数 ,显著增加双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数。     

蚕粪中提取叶绿素铜钠盐的稳定性研究

以蚕粪为原料,95%的乙醇为溶剂提取叶绿素,并通过化学法制得叶绿素的铜纳盐。采用721分光光度计对叶绿素铜钠盐进行定性、定量测定,确定该色素测定系统中的最大波长为414nm。通过测量吸光值研究了几种常用食品添加剂对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响,并对其耐光、耐热、耐酸碱及耐氧化性、耐还原性进行探讨。结果表明:叶绿素铜钠盐在70℃以下稳定性较好;光照对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响较大;还原剂(Na2S2O3)对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响较大,氧化剂在短时间内对其稳定性的影响不大,但放置的时间不宜超过30min;叶绿素铜钠盐在pH值为6以上的溶液中较为稳定,且有机酸及单糖对其稳定性无明显影响。     

不同刈割强度下羊草转录组研究

刈割是一种重要的草地管理措施,刈割留茬高度直接影响草地生产力及群落结构,在牧草生产中具有重要意义。为研究羊草在不同刈割强度下的转录响应,利用Illumina HiSeq-PE150高通量测序技术,对不同刈割留茬高度(0,2,4,8,12 cm)处理下羊草再生叶片进行了转录组测序。共得到139767803条读长(reads),41.94 Gb原始数据。经过过滤、质控与从头组装后,总共得到转录本270207条,总长度为191.6 Mb。通过与多种数据库比对得到48097条单基因簇(Unigene)注释结果。筛选出了所有刈割强度处理与不刈割对照组显著差异基因共2579条,经过生物信息分析,将其定位到碳水化合物代谢、损伤应答、过氧化氢分解、植物激素信号转导等功能与代谢通路。利用聚类方法得到了随着刈割强度增强,表达量规律变化的基因,分别富集到了过氧化物酶体、光合作用等代谢途径。对羊草在不同刈割高度下的转录组进行了研究,为草本植物分子生物学研究提供了宝贵的数据资源,对于解析羊草响应刈割的分子调控机制及相关基因挖掘具有重要指导意义。     

混合比例和添加剂对菊苣与青贮玉米混合青贮品质的影响

探讨不同混合比例和添加剂对菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮饲料品质的影响,为调制高质量的混合青贮饲料提供理论依据。以菊苣和青贮玉米为原料,按质量比0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和1∶0 (分别用0C1M、1C3M、1C1M、3C1M、1C0M表示)进行混合青贮,并分别设置3个添加剂处理,即零添加、5 g·t^-1乳酸菌+5 g·t^-1纤维素酶(LX)和10 g·t^-1乳酸菌+5 g·t^-1纤维素酶(2LX),青贮60 d后测定混合青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。结果显示,菊苣与青贮玉米混合比例为0∶1和1∶1时青贮饲料的感官评价优于其余3种混合比例的,而且添加剂处理感官评定优于零添加处理的。菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮可以形成养分互补,有助于均衡青贮饲料整体营养,在青贮原料中添加添加剂则可以提高青贮饲料发酵品质。混合青贮饲料的营养价值随菊苣比例增加而显著提高,但是发酵品质在菊苣混合青贮比例高于1∶1时显著降低。综合判定菊苣和青贮玉米1∶1混合时其青贮饲料品质最佳,其中又以1C1M/2LX处理最好,纤维组分(NDF和ADF)和氨态氮/总氮含量较低而粗蛋白和乳酸含量较高。     

草原灌丛化入侵:过程、机制和效应

草原灌丛化已成为全球性问题,也是生态学、畜牧学研究的热点问题。紧扣草原灌丛化过程、发生机理及其生态学后效等关键问题,介绍了国内外的最新研究进展。灌木入侵途径包括有意识引进入侵和自然入侵2类,入侵过程分为传播到达、定居建群和扩散入侵3个阶段。放牧、火烧、温室气体增加,干旱以及降水格局改变等均可导致草本向木本的转化,且机制复杂,主要有影响草本,木本植物盖度、水分利用效率、化感作用等。木本植物入侵打破了草原生态系统的稳定,表现出沃岛效应,影响动植物的分布以及生态系统的功能和服务。阐明草原“草本-木本”群落演替机制,可为我国研究草原灌丛化和管理提供理论借鉴。     

水氮供应对地下滴灌紫花苜蓿生长特征及草地小气候的影响

为探讨不同水氮处理条件下紫花苜蓿生长状况与草地小气候特征的关系,以2年生紫花苜蓿“巨能7号”为研究对象,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了宁夏引黄灌区地下滴灌条件下不同滴灌量和施氮量处理下紫花苜蓿生长特征和草地小气候的变化。结果表明:1)滴灌量和施氮量对紫花苜蓿的株高、叶面积和鲜草产量都有显著的影响,表现为紫花苜蓿的株高、叶面积和鲜草产量均随滴灌量和施氮量的增加而增加,当施氮量增加到一定值时,继续增施氮肥,其鲜草产量增产效果在不同滴灌量处理下表现出不同的趋势。2)与不施氮处理相比,增施氮肥降低了紫花苜蓿株间空气温度、浅层土层温度和株间光照强度,而增加了群体内部空气相对湿度。3)不同滴灌量对紫花苜蓿的生长微环境的调节作用不同,随着滴灌量的增加,紫花苜蓿群体相对湿度逐渐提高,而紫花苜蓿株间气温和浅层土层温度降温效应越明显。4)紫花苜蓿生育期间株高与叶面积、草产量和群体内部相对湿度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与群体内光照强度、株间气温、浅层土壤温度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。合理减少滴灌量和施氮量不仅能维持紫花苜蓿良好的生长特征,而且能提高鲜草产量和改善草地生态环境条件。本研究旨在为紫花苜蓿群体微环境生态因子的改善及高产优质栽培措施提供科学依据。