Control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination in maize by pyramiding QTL involved in resistance to ear-feeding insects and invasion by Aspergillus spp.

Several resistance sources and resistance mechanisms to aflatoxin formation and corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) damage to maize (Zea mays L.) have been identified. Based on this knowledge, experiments were initiated toward achievement of the following objectives: (1) to confirm earlier determinations on resistance traits of germplasm sources and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with each of the traits, and (2) upon estimation of the degree of QTL effects on each trait, to generate a maize population, with chemical and physical resistance to Aspergillus spp. and ear-feeding insects, for inbred development. A 2-year field experiment to evaluate selected genotypes inoculated with A. flavus and infested with corn earworm revealed that significant variation exists among the genotypes for aflatoxin contamination and corn earworm damage. The protection of maize ears against aflatoxin contamination was primarily dependent on resistance to fungal infection and ear-feeding insects, and excellent husk coverage and tightness. A major QTL (p1) identified on chromosome 1S had effects of 54.0, 42.1, and 28.3% on the phenotypic variability for concentrations of silk maysin, 3′-methoxymaysin+apimaysin, and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Markers/QTLs for husk phenotypic traits and total aflatoxin concentrations have been determined, but more detailed mapping of these chromosomic regions will be necessary to locate precise markers/QTLs for husk traits and aflatoxin production. Realizing the complexity of the Aspergillus–aflatoxin-maize system and the factors affecting aflatoxin contamination, we are directing our program toward marker-assisted breeding to enhance or improve general genetic resistance to ear-feeding insects and invasion by Aspergillus spp.     

Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Structures Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheet

Stress redistributes after the concrete structures strenthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet. It is a question of secondary loading.Many scholars have studied it and got a lot of achievements.This paper summarizes the methods and analyzes their advantage and shortcoming. Based on it, a new method is proposed.The method is developing in large-scale general software-Ansys by using adding new elements, constitutive relationship, failure criterion,and so on.The calculation formula agrees with the experimental data.     

棉花诱导长柱头杂交制种及配套技术研究

旨在减少棉花杂交制种用工,提高棉花杂交制种工效,降低棉花杂交种子生产成本。采用GA₃溶液诱导棉花长柱头,不去雄直接授粉;采用小型强磁高速电动机作为动力,研制小型田间快速采粉器,同时研制与采粉器配套使用的简易授粉器。通过多年的研究,研制出一种新的杂交棉制种新方法,即用100 mg/kg浓度的GA₃溶液,处理8~18天母本的幼蕾,每花点滴量150~200 μL,开花当天,不去雄父本花粉直接授予母本伸长的柱头上;研制出与之相配套的棉花快速采粉器和低温贮能式授粉器,操作简便,田间采粉速度快,授粉效率高,生产的杂交种子纯度在95%以上,符合国家良种要求。该研究将稳定的诱导技术与采粉器和授粉器结合应用于棉花杂交制种,可节省大量用工,综合提高制种工效30%以上。     

Genotypic Variation for Tolerance to Transient Drought During the Reproductive Phase of Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa L. is a genetically diverse parent species of the allotetraploid species, oilseed rape (B. napus) and a potential source of drought tolerance for B. napus. We examined the effect of a 13‐day drought stress period during the early reproductive phase, relative to a well‐watered (WW) control, on subsequent growth and development in nine accessions of B. rapa and one accession of Brassica juncea selected for their wide morphological and genetic diversity. We measured leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, water use, and leaf and bud temperatures during the stress period and aboveground dry weight of total biomass at maturity. Dry weight of seeds and reproductive tissue were not useful measures of drought tolerance due to self‐incompatibility in B. rapa. The relative total biomass (used as the measure of drought tolerance in this study) of the 10 accessions exposed to drought stress ranged from 47 % to 117 % of the WW treatment and was negatively correlated with leaf‐to‐air and bud‐to‐air temperature difference when averaged across the 13‐day stress period. Two wild‐type (B. rapa ssp. sylvestris) accessions had higher relative total and non‐reproductive biomass at maturity and cooler leaves and buds than other types. We conclude that considerable genotypic variation for drought tolerance exists in B. rapa and cooler leaves and buds during a transient drought stress in the early reproductive phase may be a useful screening tool for drought tolerance.     

Mapping QTL of Fiber Yield and Quality Traits in F2 Populations of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense

In this study, F₂ populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F₂ population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.     

四川省规模化养猪场污染物排放清单

为了摸清楚四川省规模化生猪养殖污染物排放量及分布,为后续污染治理政策研究提供支持,基于四川省2013年的规模化养猪场生猪饲养量的统计和四川省规模化养猪场的产排污系数调研,计算了四川省2013年规模化养猪业污染物产排放量。经计算,四川省2013年规模化养猪场产生的粪便量总共达317.38万t,尿液达759.475万t。四川省规模化养猪场排放的污染物化学需氧量达到18.0679万t,排放的总氮达到1.6665万t,排放的总磷为0.1734万t。四川省生猪养殖污染物排放量最大的5个市分别是南充、广元、成都、绵阳和德阳,是今后四川省畜禽养殖污染控制重点地区。     

Development a Coil Compactor used in High Temperature

材料和方法 1.1试验材料 　　荔枝果实采自武鸣县府城镇大同村陶蓬德果场，品种为新丰黑叶，果实成熟度为 9成半；龙眼果实采自武鸣县城东镇大同村蒙桂辅果场，品种为石硖、储良，果实成熟度分别为 8成半和 8成。 1.2采前处理 　　荔枝采收前即 2000年 6月 15日和 6月 28日分别     

Study of IP over WDM System Structure

WDM technology is the basis of optical network implementation. Due to eliminating SONET/SDH and ATM elements, and allowing direct connection with IP routers, IP over WDM can reduce network cost and simplify network expansion . In this thesis, the structure and protocol layers of IP over WDM are firstly explained. Then the procedures of this network are described briefly. At last, the problems and future of IP over WDM are analyzed     

超高压处理对S-卵白蛋白构象与功能特性的影响

采用激光拉曼光谱、荧光光谱分析超高压(UHP)对S-卵白蛋白构象的影响,并考察其对溶解性、乳化性和起泡能力等功能特性的影响.结果表明,经UHP处理后S-卵白蛋白的分子量分布没有明显变化.随着压力增加,无规卷曲含量逐渐增加,二硫键构象变化使蛋白稳定性降低,酪氨酸残基包埋于侧链中,紧密折叠结构得以舒展.经100 MPa处理后S-卵白蛋白的荧光强度略有增强,此后急剧下降,无峰位位移现象,说明UHP引起蛋白分子构象变化.S-卵白蛋白的溶解性、乳化性及起泡能力等功能特性均随压力增加而明显改善,以300 MPa处理较为理想,此后压力增加至500 MPa时反而下降.