人工降雨条件下黄土坡面养分随径流迁移试验

降雨条件下坡面农用化合物随地表径流迁移既是农业问题,又是水环境问题。利用室内人工降雨模拟试验,研究了黄土坡面不同坡度下土壤氮、磷和钾随地表径流迁移的特征。研究结果表明,在定坡长土槽坡度变化为5°～25°范围内,初始产流时间随坡度增大呈先变小后增大的趋势;产流15 min内,径流量均急剧增加,随后趋于稳定。随着坡度增加,水土流失程度加剧,径流溶质浓度增高,土壤侵蚀对径流溶质浓度的贡献增大。基于指数函数和幂函数拟合试验数据的结果,表明了幂函数模型更适合模拟黄土坡面非饱和条件下径流溶质浓度变化过程,也可描述径流磷和钾的流失过程,但其初始阶段的拟合不太令人满意。该研究为进一步完善黄土坡面径流养分迁移模拟模型提供了参考。     

不同成熟期的余甘果实主要成分的研究

 研究了不同成熟期的余甘果实主要成分的变化情况,提出了余甘果汁的最适加工期为每年的11月至翌年2月初。余甘果脯的最适加工时间是2月以后果实熟透的季节。     

Cloning, characterization, and activity analysis of a flavonol synthase gene FtFLS1 and its association with flavonoid content in tartary buckwheat

Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that rutin, the main flavonoid in tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum ), may have high value for medicine and health. This paper reports the finding of a flavonol synthase (FLS) gene, cloned and characterized from F. tataricum and designated FtFLS1, that is involved in rutin biosynthesis. The FtFLS1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant soluble FtFLS1 protein had a relative molecular mass of 40 kDa. The purified recombinant protein showed, with dihydroquercetin as substrate, total and specific activities of 36.55 × 10(-3) IU and 18.94 × 10(-3) IU/mg, respectively, whereas the total and specific activities were 10.19 × 10(-3) IU and 5.28 × 10(-3) IU/mg, respectively, with dihydrokaempferol. RT-PCR revealed that during F. tataricum florescence there was an organ-specific expression pattern by the FtFLS1 gene, with similar trends in flavonoid content. These observations suggest that FtFLS1 in F. tataricum encodes a functional protein, which might play a key role in rutin biosynthesis.     

“三生空间”视角下西部绿洲城市土地利用功能转型的时空格局演变分析--以乌鲁木齐市为例

以西北地区典型的绿洲城市乌鲁木齐市为例,采用数理统计法和空间统计分析法,选取2004年、2011年和2018年3个时段分析乌鲁木齐市“三生空间”用地功能在时序方面的转型速度和方向,空间格局的分布情况和重心偏移方向,探寻导致其转移的因素及优化建议。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐市生活生产空间呈现出集中向外急剧扩张的趋势,面积增加437.91 km²,重心位于城市中心且转移轨迹最短,前后期的开发度持续超出耗减度,占用耕地、未利用地和园地的现象较为明显,占用面积分别为131.43 km²、194.82 km²、18.47 km²。(2)生态空间整体呈现不断萎缩的态势,受环境保护意识逐渐增强后期转出速度放缓,因自然资源的固定性和不易恢复性,致使空间内部各类用地相互转换为主要方向,有林地增长量最大为206.99 km²,空间整体处于生态恢复期,未来仍是需要着重关注的方向。(3)生产生态空间呈片状分布,后期对土地利用结构进行适当调整,面积为798.66 km²,使得耕地重心后期出现反向偏移,园地开发度急剧上升至8.30%,适度协调与生活生产空间的结构联系。生态生产空间呈零星状分布,转型速度表现为波动式下降态势。为此本研究基于“三生空间”视角下,对协调乌鲁木齐多样化的土地生态系统,提高土地资源的整体效益和可持续利用发展水平提出建议。     

梅花鹿品种(品系)鉴定的分子生物学策略

中国目前培育成的三个梅花鹿品种(品系)间在外型差异上并不显著，单从形态学特征尚不能达到品种(品系)鉴别的目的。当今分子遗传标记被公认为能够最真实地反映个体及群体遗传信息。提出了可用于品种(品系)鉴别的几种分子生物学策略，并且对其进行了评估。分子生物学策略将为梅花鹿品种品系鉴定提供新途径。     

Evaluation of Sensitivity to Phoxim and Cypermethrin in an Endoparasitoid,Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Its Parasitization Efficiency Under Insecticide Stress

Insecticides can have consequences for beneficial arthropods. Insect parasitoids can contact insecticides through direct exposure spray droplets or residues on crop foliage. Here, we focus on better understand the response of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael), a parasitoid wasp of lepidopteran pests, and its detoxification mechanisms on stress caused by phoxim and cypermethrin. Hence, we determined the dose–mortality curves and estimating the sublethal concentrations (LC₃₀ and LC₅₀). Then, we applied the sublethal concentrations against adult parasitoids to assess its survival, parasitism efficacy, and also developmental and morphometric parameters of their offspring. Simultaneously, we check the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and peroxidase (POD) after sublethal exposure of both insecticides, which has measured until 48 h after treatment. Overall, phoxim and cypermethrin exhibited acute lethal activity toward the parasitoid with LC₅₀ values 4.608 and 8.570 mg/liter, respectively. Also, we detect that LC₃₀ was able to trigger the enzymatic activity of GST, AChE, and POD, suggesting a potential detoxification mechanism. However, even when subjected to sublethal exposure, our results indicate strong negatives effects, in particular for phoxim, which has affected the parasitism efficacy and also the developmental and morphometric parameters of M. pulchricornis offspring. Therefore, it can be concluded that both phoxim and cypermethrin have negative impacts on M. pulchricornis and we suggest cautioning their use and the need for semifield and field assessments to confirm such an impact.     

佛山一环东线绿化景观改造及效果评价

佛山一环在道路的绿化改造过程中,不仅提升中央分隔带、主辅分隔带及背景林的景观绿化效果,还重视立交节点、匝道等绿化细节,突出绿化亮点,注重生态重建和人文关怀,堪称城市快速干线绿化典范。       

驾驶室举升机构永磁直流电机结构设计

在分析汽车驾驶室液压举升机构工作原理的基础上,设计了电动/手动液压一体化翻转装置,重点对该液压举升机构的钕铁硼永磁直流电机的电磁负荷、电枢绕组和永磁体等主要参数进行优化设计,提高了驾驶室自动液压举升机构的工作安全性和可靠性。     

不同碎石含量及直径对土壤水分入渗过程的影响

由于成土原因或人类活动,一些土壤中含有不同含量及大小的碎石。碎石的存在改变了土壤的某些物理特性,入渗过程也因此受到影响。本研究采用定水头入渗试验装置,对7种不同碎石含量(0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%)及4种不同碎石直径(0.2~0.5cm,0.5~1.0 cm,1.0~3.0 cm,3.0~4.0 cm)的土壤水分入渗过程进行室内研究,旨在分析碎石含量及直径对土壤入渗过程的影响及其原因,为土石混合介质的研究提供一些理论基础。