基于多时相OLI数据的宁夏大尺度水稻面积遥感估算

为客观获取宁夏水稻面积空间分布信息,也为区域农作物遥感监测奠定技术基础,该文以宁夏回族自治区为研究区域,选择美国LandSat-8携带的陆地成像仪(operational land imager,OLI)数据,采用2016年3月11日-7月01日间的15景影像,基于水稻田耕地与水体特征反射率随着季节变化规律的分析,采用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、近红外波段反射率(infrared reflectance,IR)、短波指数(short waved index,SWI)3个指数,以及多时相NDVI最大值、IR最小值、SWI最小值3个衍生指数,共6个指数为基础进行决策分类树构建,对全区水稻进行识别与提取,采用该区水稻面积本底遥感调查结果进行精度验证,水稻种植面积提取误差仅.4.22%,Kappa系数为0.83,水稻空间分布的用户分类精度分别为85.11%,制图精度为81.67%;同时与监督分类方法提取的水稻面积进行对比,该文方法提取水稻的用户精度提高了8.13个百分点,制图精度更是提高了20.01个百分点。研究结果表明,利用中高分辨率的OLI遥感时间序列卫星影像,在大宗农作物时间序列的变化规律分析基础上,构建分类决策树,可以准确地提取大宗农作物种植面积,是区域农作物面积遥感监测业务运行中具有潜力的方法。     

发酵鸡粪养鱼试验

用充氧动态发酵机加工鸡粪，并将这种发酵鸡粪添加到饲料中，进行池塘和网箱养鱼试验，均取得良好效果。     

EM菌培养基的优化及菌株数量的检测

通过正交试验确定最适合EM菌生长的碳源、氮源和温度。结果表明:最适合菌株生长的碳源为葡萄糖,适合EM菌生长的氮源为蛋白胨,温度对菌株生长的影响较大,在35℃时,菌株的生长状况最好。将EM菌接入到优化后的培养基中培养3d后,通过稀释平板计数法确定芽孢杆菌的数量为3.4×105,酵母菌的数量为9.7×109,乳酸菌的数量为6.4×109,菌株总的数量达到1.6×1010CFU/mL。     

Purification and characterization of two anionic trypsins from the hepatopancreas of carp

SUMMARY: Two trypsins, designated as trypsin A and trypsin B, have been purified from the hepatopancreas of carp. The purification procedures consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, Ultrogel AcA54 and Q-Sepharose. Trypsin A was purified to homogeneity with the molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa, while trypsin B gave two close bands of 28.5 kDa and 28 kDa on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis both under reducing and non-reducing conditions. On native-PAGE, both trypsin A and trypsin B showed a single band. Trypsin A and trypsin B revealed optimum temperature of 40°C and 45°C, respectively, and shared the same optimum pH 9.0 using Boc-Phe-Ser-Arg-MCA as substrate. Both enzymes were effectively inhibited by trypsin inhibitors and their susceptibilities were similar. The NH₂-terminal amino acid sequences of trypsin A and trypsin B were determined to 37th and 40th amino acid residue, respectively. Their sequences were very homologous, but not identical to that of a trypsin-type serine proteinase from carp muscle and these of other trypsins. Immunoblotting test using the antibody raised against trypsin A cross-reacted with trypsin B positively.     

Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia

We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 10⁴ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×10⁵ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia.     

Variation of Color and Ray Pattern in Juvenile Shells in Hatchery‐produced Freshwater Triangle Pearl Mussels,Hyriopsis cumingii,in China

The variation and inheritance of juvenile shell color and pigmentation pattern in the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, were reported in 1‐yr‐old progeny of eight families. There were three distinctive phenotypes of shell color and pigmentation patterns observed, including a greenish‐brown shell with radial rays, yellowish‐brown shell with radial rays, and yellowish‐brown shell without radial rays. There were no greenish‐brown individuals without radial rays. The shell color phenotypes showed variation with the growth in juvenile Stage I (1–3 cm in shell length), and the percentage of individuals with radial rays increased once they reached a shell length of 11 mm and then stabilized after reaching 20 mm in shell length. Shell color differentiation became more apparent at a shell length of 26 mm. Results of chi‐square tests of the segregation ratio of shell color or ray phenotypes obtained from eight families at juvenile Stage II (6–9 cm in shell length) suggested that greenish‐brown is controlled by a dominant allele (G) and yellowish‐brown‐shell phenotype is by a recessive allele (y); the ray pattern phenotype is controlled by a recessive (r) and a dominant allele (R) at a single locus. Shell color phenotypes may be a useful genetic marker for future selective breeding of triangle pearl mussels.     

南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)养殖污染的营养学(Nutriology)调控

南美白对虾养殖污染严重，本文从营养素的生态调整和绿色添加剂的应用两方面综合阐述了南美白对虾养殖污染的营养学调控途径。以期从源头上来控制和调节南美白对虾的营养代谢。减轻环境压力，实施可持续发展。     

韩国农业机械化发展资金支持政策及借鉴意义

韩国国土面积993．9万hm^2,耕地面积203．3万hm^2,占20．45％。全国人口4454．3万．农业人口516．7万,占全国总人口的10．9％．户均耕地1．3hm^2。韩国农业属于小农体制下的家庭农业,小规模家庭经营占主导地位。韩国政府1972年第一次制定农业机械化事业5年计划,并采用长期低利息的贷款方式扶持农民购买农机装备和扶持农机生产企业。