纤维亚麻新品种黑亚12号选育报告

黑亚12号是2001年2月最新通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广的纤维亚麻品种，原茎、纤维、种子产量分别为5140.0kg/hm^2 、696.4kg/hm^2和523.9kg/hm^2，分别比对照增产12.6%、20.4%和10.2%。长麻率16.8%，比对照高1.4个百分点。纤维强度259.4牛顿。该品种为优质高产新品种。     

基于嗅觉可视技术的食醋气味表征和区分

利用自主研发的便携式食品气味嗅觉可视检测仪对3种食醋进行了分析,并在实验过程中对传感器制作和图像信号采集进行了优化。结果表明,相机获取图像的整体稳定性优于扫描仪,溶剂挥发时间为15 min时,传感器最为稳定,且与食醋反应可获取最佳响应信号差值;对传感器获取3种食醋挥发气体的响应信号进行主成分分析,再通过线性模型判别,发现独立食醋样本的识别率达到100%。     

STUDIES ON DIFFERENCES OF NITROGEN EFFICIENCY AND ROOT CHARACTERISTICS OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) CULTIVARS IN RELATION TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Differences of nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and their physiological properties were studied in a pot experiment, and the ratio of seed yield with no nitrogen supplied to that with normal nitrogen supply was adopted as a nitrogen efficiency coefficient. Results showed that the nitrogen efficiency coefficient determined for eight oilseed rape cultivars varied from 0.37 to 0.69, the ratio of nitrogen uptake amounts per plant, nitrogen transfer velocity from stems and leaves to seeds, and nitrogen physiological efficiency of oilseed rape cultivars under nitrogen stressed condition differed from with normal nitrogen supply. The higher the nitrogen efficiency of a cultivar, the higher the ratio of N uptake in no nitrogen to with N supplied. Under low nitrogen-supplying conditions, high nitrogen efficiency cultivars had longer roots, more lateral roots, higher amounts of reuse of nitrate from stem and leaves, and higher nitrate reductase activities in leaves.     

Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial behaviors of giant pandas

We report on the first study to track the spatial behaviors of wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using high‐resolution global positioning system (GPS) telemetry. Between 2008 and 2009, 4 pandas (2 male and 2 female) were tracked in Foping Reserve, China for an average of 305 days (± 54.8 SE). Panda home ranges were larger than those of previous very high frequency tracking studies, with a bimodal distribution of space‐use and distinct winter and summer centers of activity. Home range sizes were larger in winter than in summer, although there was considerable individual variability. All tracked pandas exhibited individualistic, unoriented and multiphasic movement paths, with a high level of tortuosity within seasonal core habitats and directed, linear, large‐scale movements between habitats. Pandas moved from low elevation winter habitats to high elevation (>2000 m) summer habitats in May, when temperatures averaged 17.5 °C (± 0.3 SE), and these large‐scale movements took <1 month to complete. The peak in panda mean elevation occurred in Jul, after which they began slow, large‐scale movements back to winter habitats that were completed in Nov. An adult female panda made 2 longdistance movements during the mating season. Pandas remain close to rivers and streams during winter, possibly reflecting the elevated water requirements to digest their high‐fiber food. Panda movement path tortuosity and first‐passage‐time as a function of spatial scale indicated a mean peak in habitat search effort and patch use of approximately 700 m. Despite a high degree of spatial overlap between panda home ranges, particularly in winter, we detected neither avoidance nor attraction behavior between conspecifics.     

动物检疫申报前置条件调研

本文以重庆、湖南、山东等省(市)开展的检疫申报前置条件的专题调研内容为基础,结合北京市和陕西省当前检疫工作的实际情况,阐述了动物检疫申报前置条件的内涵,介绍了检疫申报前置条件是否能够阻止动物疫病传播、是否具有可操作性和合理性、是否适应市场经济发展、是否合理合法等8个拟定专题的调研情况和现状,同时依据调研情况提出了相应的意见及建议,以期对《动物检疫管理办法》的修订提供参考。     

Optimization of Preparation and Application of Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Sulfate Coagulant by Response Surface Analysis

A new composite coagulant polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PAFS) was synthesized using FeSO4·7H2O and Al2(SO4)3 (industrial) by the direct oxidation method. The optimization of preparation process of PAFS was investigated using single factor and response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken central design. Parameters affecting the coagulant performance, such as reaction temperature, time, SO4 2-/Fe, NO3 -/Fe, Al/Fe, PO4 3-/Fe, and OH/Fe molar ratios were examined. The results show that when temperature, time, SO4 2-/Fe, NO3 -/Fe, Al/Fe, PO4 3-/Fe, and OH/Fe molar ratios were 84℃, 48 min, 0.38, 0.47, 0.11, 0.14, 0.03, respectively, it is the optimum conditions for synthesis. In this condition TP removal was 98.67%, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the predicted values of the model equation with 0.38% deviation. Furthermore, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and turbidity removal efficiency were 79.13% and 98.12%, respectively.     

黑龙江省主要杨树纤维用材品种纸浆性能综合评价

选择黑龙江省7个主要杨树纤维用材品种为研究对象,测定了木材纤维形态、化学成分和成浆性能,分析了林龄与主要纸浆性能间的相关关系,对7个品种纸浆性能进行了综合评价。试验结果表明:7个品种的纤维长度为0.88～1.17mm,纤维素含量为49.28%～59.77%,粗浆得率为50.41%～54.97%,上述指标均达到或超过优质纸浆标准;林龄与纤维长度、纤维素含量和粗浆得率间无显著相关关系;纸浆性能综合评价由高至低的顺序为黑青杨>小青黑>银中杨>大青杨>青山杨>小黑杨>迎春5号。     

施用生物有机肥对可可苗期生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过温室盆栽试验研究施用不同生物有机肥对可可苗期生长及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:施用生物有机肥BIOa和BIOb的处理可可植株干重,总根长、根系直径、根系表面积和根系总体积显著高于对照(单施化肥)及施用牛粪的处理;施用生物有机肥BIOa的处理可可叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量与对照相比分别增加了169％、270％和28％;施用BIOa的处理土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性与对照相比显著提高了98.7％、92.2％和83.2％.综上所述,施用生物有机肥BIO可显著促进可可地上部植株和根系生长,同时也可显著提高相关土壤酶活性.     

不同品种大果沙棘在山西引种栽培试验

为了解大果沙棘优良品种在山西的适应性,于2010年从辽宁引进9月黄、壮圆黄、杂1、杂3、杂4、西伯利亚红晕6个大果沙棘品种在山西进行栽培试验,观察存活情况、生长表现、初期结实情况,以评价不同品种大果沙棘在山西引种栽培初期的适应性。结果表明,6个引进沙棘品种均能正常生长、结实;不同品种大果沙棘的生长特性、适应性不同,其中,杂3品种生长旺盛、引种效果良好。     

盐胁迫下高粱幼苗生长及其对耐盐性评价的影响

以糖度及其它农艺性状差异较大的6个高粱株系为材料,研究不同浓度盐胁迫处理7天和14天后高粱幼苗的苗高、鲜重、饱和鲜重及干重的变化以及对苗期耐盐性鉴定评价的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高以及胁迫时间的延长幼苗生长受到的抑制增大,苗高、鲜重、饱和鲜重和干重均随盐浓度的升高而降低。在0、50、100 mmol/L NaCl浓度下,处理7天和14天的苗高差异显著;当NaCl浓度大于150 mmol/L时,各浓度间苗高均没有显著差异。处理14天后,50 mmol/L和100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L和200 mmol/L两个浓度间的苗鲜重、饱和鲜重及干重无显著差异,其它各浓度间差异显著。在4个盐浓度中,苗高、鲜重、饱和鲜重和干重的相关性均达显著性水平,但是仅在100 mmol/L和150 mmol/L浓度下,耐盐级别与盐害指数呈显著正相关。