Nitrogen balance in barrows fed low-protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids

This study was conducted to determine the effect of addition of essential amino acids (EAA) to low-protein diets on N balance in barrows. Thirty barrows (Duroc × Yorkshire) with an initial BW of 36 kg were fed 5 corn- and soybean meal-based diets containing 13.6 to 18.2% crude protein (CP) for 10 d in a randomized complete block design. The 18.2% CP diet was formulated without addition of EAA (Lys, Met or Thr). The other diets contained 13.6 to 16.5% CP and were supplemented with EAA to provide 0.83% true digestible lysine equal to that in the 18.2% CP diet. Fecal, urinary, and total N excretion as well as N retention (g/d) decreased with decreasing dietary CP level (P < 0.01). The apparent digestibility of N was almost the same for the 18.2 and 16.5 CP diets, but the value was 2% higher (P = 0.07) than that for the 13.6% CP diet. These findings indicate that, compared with the 18.2% CP diets, supplementation with three EAA to the lowest-protein diets (13.6 CP) is inadequate for maximum intestinal protein digestion, amino acid absorption, or tissue protein deposition in growing barrows.     

监测口蹄疫抗体的液相阻断ELISA法的改进和体会

液相阻断ELISA（LBE）法由于具有高度的敏感性、特异性和重复性,目前被广泛应用于动物免疫抗体效果监测实践工作中,特别是为防控牛、羊亚洲I型口蹄疫（FMD）做出了积极的贡献。但该方法操作繁琐,稍有不慎就会导致实验结果发生偏差或试验失败,笔者就该方法应用于亚I型口蹄疫抗体检测中的改进和体会作一总结。     

沉水植物苦草和轮叶黑藻对水环境的影响

为了研究沉水植物苦草和轮叶黑藻的对水环境的影响,在控制条件下单独种植苦草、轮叶黑藻和二者混种,笔者比较研究了苦草、苦草+黑藻、黑藻组合水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、铵氮(NH4+-N)、叶绿素a、总悬浮质(TSS)及总有机氮(TOC)浓度的区别。结果表明:苦草和轮叶黑藻对水环境的影响不同,单独种植苦草时,上覆水中总氮和氨氮含量高于其他处理,但总磷、叶绿素、TSS和TOC含量都低于轮叶黑藻单种和混种处理。研究结果说明,苦草对于降低上覆水中总磷和叶绿素含量作用优于轮叶黑藻,对维持水体水质有良好效果。     

Efficacy of different dosages of ivermectin injectable against the Hypoderma spp. in yaks

A chemotherapy trial was conducted to determine the lowest dosage of injectable preparation of ivermectin against Hypoderma spp. infestation in yaks in Tibetan areas in Tianzhu county, Gansu province, in northwest of China. One hundred and sixty yaks were randomly divided into four groups of 40 yaks for the trial. The first three groups were treated by subcutaneous injection in the neck with 0.1% ivermectin (respectively, 1, 5, 10 microg/kg body weight). The fourth group was not treated and considered as control group. All the experiments were performed in November 2000 and the animals were examined for the presence of warbles in the next March and May. The results indicated that there was no warbles found on the back of treated animal while third stage larvae were palpated on back of some of the yaks in control group. It is concluded that dosage of 1 microg/kg ivermectin injectable was sufficient to kill or stop development of larvae of Hypoderma spp. in naturally infected yaks if administrated in November.     

两种开胸术法建立犬右心衰模型的对比

通过4例胸骨正中手术通路和8例左胸侧壁手术通路,连接心电极导线至犬右心室,并与起搏器连接,维持高频率起搏3周,构建实验性心衰模型,观察两种开胸术的切口愈合情况、以及起搏前后临床表现。结果表明,通过开胸术给犬安装、连接快频率右心室起搏器,成功构建犬右心室心衰病理模型。左胸侧壁手术通路比胸骨正中手术通路更适合。     

富硒酵母在鸡营养中的研究进展

硒是动物必需的微量元素,广泛参与动物体内生理过程的调节。富硒酵母主要含有硒代蛋氨酸和硒代半胱氨酸两类硒化合物,是补充动物硒的重要来源。本文主要综述了富硒酵母在鸡体内的抗氧化作用、免疫调节及其生理过程,添加富硒酵母后对鸡生产性能、肉制品质的影响。     

圆环病毒PCR技术的建立及在规模化猪场的应用

目的建立猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的快速PCR检测方法,并对规模化猪场进行流行病学调查。方法对疑似患有典型断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征(PMWS)的病猪进行病理学观察,针对猪圆环病毒2型开放阅读框2(ORF2)设计特异性引物进行PCR检测,建立PCR快速检测方法。对四川地区的规模化猪场进行PCV2的流行病学调查。结果建立的PCR技术可以快速检测样品中PCV2病原,可重复性好。应用此方法对9个规模化猪场的104份样品进行检测。结论 PCV2感染在规模化猪场的存在比较普遍,本研究为进一步开展疫病的检测和进行PCV2流行病学调查奠定了基础。     

The phylogeographic system survey of native sheep breeds in the eastern and southern Central Asia

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic survey of native sheep breeds in the eastern and southern Central Asia were assessed in the present study. The clustering, principal components, structure and F statistics all demonstrate that the native sheep breeds in these regions be classified into two genetic groups: Mongolia‐Tibetan sheep group and South‐Southeast Asia sheep group. The Mongolia sheep group and the Tibetan sheep group had a certain degree of gene communication from the ancient times. In the present study we demonstrated that the Chinese native sheep populations belonged to Mongolia‐Tibetan sheep group. However, the relationships among the sheep populations in Mongolia sheep group in China were not closely related to the geographical distance among sheep populations.     

新疆13个绵羊品种及1个杂交群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用7个微卫星标记对新疆13个绵羊品种和1个杂交群体的遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了各品种的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E),利用等位基因频率计算出各品种的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和品种间的遗传距离。结果表明,7个微卫星位点均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于绵羊品种之间遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。各品种的分子系统发生关系与其来源、育成史及地理分布基本一致。