Degradability of atrazine, cyanazine, and dicamba in methanogenic enrichment culture microcosms using sediment from the Pearl River of Southern China

Degradation of three herbicides, atrazine, cyanazine and dicamba, was assessed in laboratory microcosms incubated under simulated methanogenic conditions using sediment from Pearl River of Southern China as an inoculum. Atrazine was much more resistant to degradation than cyanazine and dicamba over 300 days of incubation. Biodegradation of cyanazine and dicamba was further substantiated by establishment of enrichment transfer cultures in which the degradation of the respective herbicide was accelerated by the active microorganisms. Degradation of cyanazine initially involved the removal of chlorine and the two side chains, while that of dicamba was O-demethylation reaction forming 3,6-dichlorosalicyclic acid. Results suggest that biodegradation of xenobiotics can be established through enrichment culture transfer technique, and further mechanism of degradation and microorganisms involved can be elucidated.     

京郊荒滩生态恢复及其植被变化研究--以延庆县为例

在延庆县荒滩中，分别选择人工造林恢复植被2年、11年、封禁恢复植被7年和对照区4个样区，在大量野外调查的基础上，对其物种种类、优势种重要值、物种多样性特征、生活型谱和盖度等指标进行了对比分析。结果表明：荒滩生态恢复过程中，人工植被长势良好，植物种类明显增加，群落物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均比对照区显著提高，植物群落结构从简单逐渐变为复杂；生活型谱组成发生了显著变化，一、二年生草本植物的比例显著降低；植被盖度明显增加。3个生态恢复样区中，尤其是人工造林恢复植被2年的恢复模式效果最显著，可以在京津及其周边地区相似立地条件的地方推广应用。     

植生带在内蒙古中部公路边坡防护中的试验应用

植生带技术是集工程措施和生物措施为一体的植被恢复方法.笔者介绍了植生带技术的特点、施工过程,以及该技术在内蒙古自治区兴和县公路边坡防护中的应用效果.该试验成果可为植生带技术在条件类似区域的应用提供参考.     

Properties of low-moisture viscoplastic materials consisting of oil droplets dispersed in a protein-carbohydrate-glycerol matrix: effect of oil concentration

The influence of oil concentration and baking on the properties of low-moisture composites consisting of oil droplets dispersed in a protein-carbohydrate-glycerol matrix was investigated. These composites were produced by blending canola oil, whey protein concentrate (WPC), corn syrup, and glycerol together using a high-speed mixer. The resulting system consisted of oil droplets dispersed in a polar matrix. Some composites were analyzed directly after preparation, while others were analyzed after being heated at 176 degrees C for 10 min to simulate baking. The "lightness" of the composites was greater before baking (higher L value), but the color was more intense after baking (higher a and b values). The lightness and color intensity of the composites decreased as the oil concentration increased, with the effects being more pronounced in the baked samples. The zeta potential of the oil droplets (measured after dilution at pH 6) was highly negative (approximately -40 mV), indicating that whey protein was adsorbed to the droplet surfaces. The mean particle diameter (measured after dilution at pH 6) increased appreciably after baking, which was attributed to droplet flocculation. The rheological properties of the unbaked and baked materials were characterized by squeezing flow viscometry, which showed that the measurements associated with consistency and yield stress increased with increasing oil concentration and with baking.     

基于GIS的新疆后备耕地资源评价

明确后备耕地资源的总量及分布是耕地资源跨区域流动的前提.该文构建了新疆后各耕地资源的自然-生态-经济适宜性评价指标体系,以1 km2栅格数据和统计数据为基础,基于GIS评价县域后备耕地资源数量及分布.结果表明:①自然-生态适宜的后备耕地资源147.41万hm2,各县分布面积从0.01～17.55万hm2不等;②自然-生态-经济适宜的后备耕地总量为97.61万hm2,分布在65个县;③适宜开展耕地跨区域开发的后备耕地资源97.19万hm2,分布在51个县.随着评价约束条件的增加,新疆适宜开发的后备耕地资源总量逐渐减少,生态风险和经济成本对耕地跨区域流动的影响需要更深入地研究.     

复方免疫增强剂中三种多糖的分离纯化初步研究

采用超声辅助提取法提取复方免疫增强剂中的多糖,以Sevag法除蛋白后分级醇沉得粗多糖PS1、PS2和PS3。粗多糖PS1、PS2和PS3上离子交换柱层析分离纯化,以0-2.0MnaC l溶液进行梯度洗脱得PS1A、PS2A和PS3A多糖组分,再经过Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析分离得到三个主要多糖组分PS1A-Ⅰ、PS2A-Ⅱ和PS3A-Ⅲ。利用凝胶层析、纸层析及紫外分光光度法进行纯度鉴定,结果表明PS1A-Ⅰ、PS2A-Ⅱ和PS3A-Ⅲ为均一多糖。     

高等学校图书馆文献资源招标和竞价采购的利弊分析

对高等学校图书馆文献资源实行招标和竞价采购的可行性、有利因素和不利结果进行阐述,提出加强高等学校文献采购的应对方法。     

谈谈"一犬事多主"的训练

“一犬事多主”是指经过专门训练的一头工作犬,能够忠诚、勇敢地为一人乃至多人服务。这一训练方法,虽然与传统观念上的“义犬不事二主”相矛盾,但是客观上已经证实其有可行性。对于“义犬不事二主”的观念,笔者认为:虽然突出了犬的忠义品质,但是容易误导人们,将那些能为多个主     

杨树HSF家族基因生物信息学与胁迫应答表达分析

[目的]探究小黑杨热激转录因子HSF在应答高温和高盐胁迫时发挥的关键作用.保守结构域和顺式作用元件预测等对杨树HSF转录因子家族基因进行生物信息学分析.本研究以小黑杨为材料,经过37℃高温胁迫半个月后观察其形态变化;将小黑杨在37℃下分别处理0、12、24、48 h,采用RT-qPCR对小黑杨组织中的PsnHSFs基因...     

高等院校计算机基础课教学改革探讨

本文主要论述了目前高校计算机基础教育面临的现状,并给出了一些改革措施,从学校、教师和学生等方面探讨了计算机基础教学的改革方法。