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991.
Weller RA Dean JP Price JF Francis EA Marra J Boardman DC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4694):1552-1556
Measurements made from the Research Platform FLIP provide some of the first direct observations of three-dimensional flow within the surface mixed layer of the ocean. Relatively narrow regions of downwelling flow were found within the mixed layer, in coincidence with bands of convergent surface flow. At mid-depth in the mixed layer, the downwelling flow had magnitudes of up to 0.2 meter per second and was accompanied by a downwind, horizontal jet of comparable magnitude. There is some evidence that these motions transport heat and phytoplankton within the mixed layer. 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
995.
Global mapping of the yeast genetic interaction network 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tong AH Lesage G Bader GD Ding H Xu H Xin X Young J Berriz GF Brost RL Chang M Chen Y Cheng X Chua G Friesen H Goldberg DS Haynes J Humphries C He G Hussein S Ke L Krogan N Li Z Levinson JN Lu H Ménard P Munyana C Parsons AB Ryan O Tonikian R Roberts T Sdicu AM Shapiro J Sheikh B Suter B Wong SL Zhang LV Zhu H Burd CG Munro S Sander C Rine J Greenblatt J Peter M Bretscher A Bell G Roth FP Brown GW Andrews B Bussey H Boone C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5659):808-813
A genetic interaction network containing approximately 1000 genes and approximately 4000 interactions was mapped by crossing mutations in 132 different query genes into a set of approximately 4700 viable gene yeast deletion mutants and scoring the double mutant progeny for fitness defects. Network connectivity was predictive of function because interactions often occurred among functionally related genes, and similar patterns of interactions tended to identify components of the same pathway. The genetic network exhibited dense local neighborhoods; therefore, the position of a gene on a partially mapped network is predictive of other genetic interactions. Because digenic interactions are common in yeast, similar networks may underlie the complex genetics associated with inherited phenotypes in other organisms. 相似文献
996.
Stadtfeld M Nagaya M Utikal J Weir G Hochedlinger K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5903):945-949
997.
Klausner RD Fauci AS Corey L Nabel GJ Gayle H Berkley S Haynes BF Baltimore D Collins C Douglas RG Esparza J Francis DP Ganguly NK Gerberding JL Johnston MI Kazatchkine MD McMichael AJ Makgoba MW Pantaleo G Piot P Shao Y Tramont E Varmus H Wasserheit JN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5628):2036-2039
A new collaborative model of research is needed to increase resources, to prioritize the R (ii) to increase the pace, reduce the overlap, and more systematically explore the elements of and delivery systems for vaccines; (iii) to use common standards for the prompt comparative testing of vaccine candidates; (iv) to expand resources for manufacturing vaccine candidates to speed their use in human trials; and (v) to increase the capacity for international clinical trials and to focus this effort toward quickly measuring the effectiveness of vaccine protection as prototype vaccine candidates are identified. 相似文献
998.
Roussel EG Bonavita MA Querellou J Cragg BA Webster G Prieur D Parkes RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1046
Sub-sea-floor sediments may contain two-thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. However, this has its basis in data extrapolation from ~500-meter to 4-kilometer depths, whereas the deepest documented prokaryotes are from only 842 meters. Here, we provide evidence for low concentrations of living prokaryotic cells in the deepest (1626 meters below the sea floor), oldest (111 million years old), and potentially hottest (~100 degrees C) marine sediments investigated. These Newfoundland margin sediments also have DNA sequences related to thermophilic and/or hyperthermophilic Archaea. These form two unique clusters within Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, suggesting unknown, uncultured groups are present in deep, hot, marine sediments (~54 degrees to 100 degrees C). Sequences of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea were also present, suggesting a deep biosphere partly supported by methane. These findings demonstrate that the sub-sea-floor biosphere extends to at least 1600 meters below the sea floor and probably deeper, given an upper temperature limit for prokaryotic life of at least 113 degrees C and increasing thermogenic energy supply with depth. 相似文献
999.
Chivian D Brodie EL Alm EJ Culley DE Dehal PS DeSantis TZ Gihring TM Lapidus A Lin LH Lowry SR Moser DP Richardson PM Southam G Wanger G Pratt LM Andersen GL Hazen TC Brockman FJ Arkin AP Onstott TC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5899):275-278
DNA from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. This bacterium, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, composes >99.9% of the microorganisms inhabiting the fluid phase of this particular fracture. Its genome indicates a motile, sporulating, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic thermophile that can fix its own nitrogen and carbon by using machinery shared with archaea. Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator is capable of an independent life-style well suited to long-term isolation from the photosphere deep within Earth's crust and offers an example of a natural ecosystem that appears to have its biological component entirely encoded within a single genome. 相似文献
1000.