耕整播农机装备触土部件表面耐磨强化研究进展

耕整播农机装备是影响中国耕地耕种作业质量与效益的关键农机装备,随着农业机械化的快速发展,耕整播农机装备对其配套的旋耕刀、犁铧、深松铲、耙片、开沟器等触土部件耐磨性和使用寿命提出了更高的要求。该研究系统分析了触土部件主要的磨损失效形式及磨损机理,综述了提高触土部件耐磨性常用的表面熔覆、表面堆焊处理、表面热喷涂、激光表面强化处理、化学热处理、钎涂等表面处理工艺,从磨损机理、材料研发、结构设计和制造工艺4个方面对比分析了国内外技术差距,针对现阶段耕整播触土部件失效机理、材料、结构、工艺等短板环节的难点问题,展望农机触土部件未来研发方向,拟为表面耐磨强化的相关研究和工程应用提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

鱼菜共生系统中乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵矿化应用

针对鱼菜共生系统固体废弃物资源化利用效率低的问题,该研究旨在筛选出抗逆性好、矿化功能强的鱼源性乳酸菌,加强鱼粪残饵的发酵矿化性能。试验从鱼菜共生系统中的生物滤料和鱼体中分离乳酸菌,并通过抗逆性及发酵矿化性能检测,筛选出2株具有应用潜力的鱼粪残饵矿化菌株,经鉴定分别为乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）L1和糊精乳杆菌（Lactobacillus dextrinicus）L2。耐温性、耐酸碱性和耐盐性检测结果显示,L1表现出较好的抗逆性。在 50 ℃时,L1存活率为96.60%,显著高于L2的存活率80.35%（P<0.05）;在pH值分别为5.0和9.0时,L1的存活率分别为65.43%和71.25%,高于L2的存活率31.10%和52.22%（P<0.05）;当盐浓度为60 g/L时,L1的存活率为37.33%,而L2无法存活。通过比较对照组（CK组,未添加乳酸菌）和乳酸乳球菌组（L组,添加乳酸乳球菌）发酵矿化过程中发酵液水质和矿物元素含量,结果显示 L组的有机物降解及矿化效果更好,除硫（S）元素以外,钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和锌（Zn）元素的矿化率均在第3天达到最高（27.59%～94.67%）。综上所述,乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）具有较强的抗逆性和显著的发酵矿化效果,且其最佳发酵矿化周期为3 d。该研究可为提高鱼菜共生系统固体废弃物资源化利用效率提供技术支持。     

刈割次数对苜蓿相关表型性状与饲草产量的影响

试验选取4份苜蓿材料,设4次刈割处理,观察测试表型性状及干物质的变化动态,并用DPS7.05数据处理系统对各性状指标与饲草产量的关系进行计算分析,以探讨刈割次数对苜蓿表型性状及饲草产量的影响,为高效优质生产提供依据.结果表明,刈割频度显著影响苜蓿越冬率(P<0.05),苜蓿株高、茎粗、茎叶比、分枝数等指标均随刈割次数增...     

北方无公害优质水稻栽培管理技术

承德市具有良好的无公害水稻自然环境和区位优势,通过选用优质、高产、高抗品种,在整个水稻生长过程中实行规范化栽培技术管理,可提供无公害、优质、水稻产品。     

辽宁省2005年审定水稻品种米质情况分析及改良对策

以2005年辽宁省审定的32个水稻品种为材料,对辽宁省水稻品种品质近况进行了分析。在所有的材料中,6项指标全部达到国标一级标准的有3个,达标率为9.38%;达标率最高的是糙米率,其次是胶稠度、整精米率,最低的是直链淀粉含量。同时对辽宁省水稻品质改良中需要着重解决的几个问题进行了探讨。     

Mitochondrial Genome Architecture and Evolutionary Origin of the Yao Silkworm,a Living Fossil of the Domestic Silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

The Yao silkworm is a unique silkworm resource producing yellow flat plate silk that has only been reared by the Baiku Yao ethnic group in Nandan County, Guangxi Province, China for a thousand years. Here, we report the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of five Yao silkworm strains and 10 local Guangxi strains of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and use the resulting mitogenomes and the available Bombyx mitogenomes to characterize their genome architecture and trace the evolutionary origin of the Yao silkworm. The five Yao silkworm mitogenomes exhibited genome architectures identical to typical set of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs) and a high level of genome sequence similarity with the domestic silkworm. Mitogenome-based phylogenetic reconstruction provided solid evidence that the Yao silkworm shares a common ancestor with the domestic silkworm. Sliding window analysis uncovered a distinct variation pattern in the mitogenome between the Yao silkworm and the other domestic silkworm strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a basal placement of the Yao silkworm among all available domestic silkworm strains, indicating that the Yao silkworm is an ancient population of the domestic silkworm. Our data indicated that the Yao silkworm (B. mori) is a lineage of the domestic silkworm, which for the first time provides insights into the origin of the Yao silkworm.     

夹持式鲜菱角脱壳机设计与试验

针对鲜菱角手工脱壳率低、菱仁损伤率高等问题,该研究以湖北省浠水县两角菱为对象,设计了一种夹持式鲜菱角脱壳机。对鲜菱角外形尺寸和力学性能参数进行了测量,确定采用夹持板与链条夹持输送、圆形齿刀横切菱角两侧弯角、对辊挤压碾搓脱壳的技术方案。对夹持板、弹性压紧装置、横切刀片和脱壳装置等主要部件结构进行设计和分析,确定了结构和运动参数。运用ANSYS Explicit Dynamics模块对横切过程进行仿真,根据理论分析和仿真结果试制了脱壳样机,开展了横切试验和脱壳试验。横切试验表明,成熟度、输送速度和刀片转速均对切壳率影响显著（P<0.05）,对菱仁损失率影响不显著（P>0.05）。运用Design Expert 12优化得横切装置最优工作参数为：脆熟菱角、输送速度0.1 m/s、刀片转速1 000 r/min,该参数下的平均切壳率为79.41%,平均菱仁损失率为9.82%。采用Box-Benhnken试验设计开展三因素二次回归正交组合试验,优化得到脱壳装置最优工作参数为：脆熟菱角、慢辊转速59r/min,线速比1.5,验证试验的平均脱壳率为66.52%,平均菱仁破损率为12.83...     

Effect of Chilling Stress on Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Two White Clover Cultivars

Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa.     

基于VOSviewer的农作物遥感制图研究的文献特征与热点演变分析

[目的]作为农作物长势监测、产量估测和灾害评估的基础,及时、准确获取农作物空间分布信息对农业生产管理、农业可持续发展及国家粮食安全等具有重要意义.[方法]文章从农作物遥感制图的研究热点和前沿出发,基于Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)和CNKI数据库,利用VOSviewer软件对...