稻谷籽粒的压缩特性与含水率关系的实验研究

通过Brookfield质构仪测定了不同含水率的稻谷籽粒(含水率为10.63%、12.25%、13.71%、15.18%、16.53%w.b.)在Z轴(短轴)方向上的压缩特性(破坏力、破坏能、表观接触弹性模量、最大接触应力、破坏应变),得出含水率对稻谷压缩特性的影响规律。实验结果表明:随着压缩形变的增加,稻谷籽粒受到的压力逐渐增加,当到达破裂点时达到最大值,随之急剧减小。随着含水率的增加,稻谷籽粒的压缩破坏力、破坏能、表观接触弹性模量、破坏应力逐渐减小,压缩破坏应变逐渐增加。     

兴安百里香精油对草莓保鲜作用及生理变化研究

常温下以香辛料兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓,从贮存期草莓的失重率、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物、VC含量、可滴定酸、可溶性还原糖、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)比活力指标来研究兴安百里香精油对草莓的保鲜效果。试验结果:品质指标中,精油熏蒸气调可减少失重率、降低腐烂指数、保持较高可溶性固形物含量;生理指标中,精油熏蒸气调可有效减缓VC含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性还原糖的降低;抗氧化酶系指标中,精油熏蒸气调的CAT比活力、PPO比活力均高于对照,但对POD比活力影响不明显。可见,兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓可一定程度延长草莓的贮存期。     

基于视景仿真技术的联合收割机牵引及加载性能研究

随着农业机械化的不断发展,联合收割机的应用越来越普遍,大大地提高了农业生产效率。然而,在联合收割机使用中还存在一些驾驶员视域不开阔、可视环境差等不安全因素。针对这些问题,本文引入了视景仿真技术概念,通过构建基于视景仿真技术的联合收割机牵引及加载性能模型,对联合收割机的牵引及加载性能进行仿真分析。结果显示,将视景仿真技术应用与联合收割机,方便了驾驶员及时掌握实地信息,提高了牵引性能和加载性能,降低了驾驶危险系数。     

基于MatLab和DSP的哈密瓜纹理分割与分类

以新疆特色水果哈密瓜为研究对象,提出一种利用Matlab辅助DSP提取哈密瓜纹理的方法。该方法首先利用Matlab把待处理的图像转换为数据文件(dat文件),然后利用DSP强大的运算能力分割哈密瓜表面纹理特征,并将分割结果同样以dat文件传递给Mat Lab,最后利用Mat Lab强大的数据分析与图像显示能力建立哈密瓜分类模型。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对哈密瓜表面纹理进行分割与分类,分类准确率为88.10%。该方法不但能够缩短DSP系统的开发周期,且能够为今后开发基于DSP的哈密瓜品质实时检测系统奠定基础。     

供油提前角对甲醇发动机性能及排放的影响

利用在缸内加装电热塞的ZS1115单缸柴油,实现纯甲醇(M100)燃料的扩散燃烧,利用柴油机热效率高的优点,提高甲醇燃料的能量转换效率。通过改变供油提前角,研究不同供油提前角对甲醇发动机性能及排放的影响,并与原单缸柴油机燃用0#柴油进行对比。试验结果表明:供油提前角对甲醇发动机动力性、经济性及排放均有影响。与原机燃用0#柴油相比,燃油消耗率上升,使用成本降低;HC排放量升高,CO和NOX排放量降低。供油提前角提前4°CA时CO排放最少,最低平均减少23.89%;供油提前角退后2°CA时NOX排放最少,最低平均减少94.74%。     

ZigBee和线阵CCD技术在西藏智能温室中的应用

利用西藏地区太阳能丰富的优势,采用太阳能资源为主要供能方式,为智能温室系统构建基于Zig Bee协议的无线传感网络和nRF2401无线传感器的双层无线通信网络,以减少西藏地区有线布线成本和解决温室群控制问题。同时,在传统智能温室中结合线阵CCD技术,为智能温室系统提供实时、直观的作物生长状况数据,有效提高对温室内环境因素的监控效率及温室智能自动化控制程度,以满足现代化高效节约型农业的发展形势需求,以及西藏地区特定的地理环境对于农业自动化的需求。     

温室雾培蔬菜收获机收获机构的研究设计

雾培种植具有节约空间、增大产量等特点,是一种新型的种植模式,代表了未来农业种植的方向。为此,针对雾培蔬菜收获劳动强度高、收获效率低等问题,创新性地对温室雾培蔬菜收获机中收获机构进行系统性设计,达到对雾培蔬菜快速稳定收获切根的目的要求。依据人工收获流程及定植板的实际特征,利用Solid Works对蔬菜收获机构进行方案设计,在设计过程中参考了成熟的工程案例,选取合适的切根方法和刀具结构,减少了切削方式及振源振动对收获切根的影响。运用Solid Works Motion对收获机构中的切根机构的运动稳定性进行验证,证明了切根机构在工作过程中可以稳定运行,保持稳定的加速度。利用ANSYS对收获机构中的夹取手爪和切根手爪进行有限元分析,确保关键结构的强度和刚度达到工程技术要求,有效地减少了生产资源的浪费,同时缩短了结构设计的时间,并为样机制作提供了坚实的基础。     

水果检测装置夹持臂的有限元分析

夹持翻转机构是大型水果无损检测装置的关键部件,主要功能是夹持哈密瓜后翻转,对其瓜体全表面进行图像采集,为无损检测分析提供数据。图像采集对机构的稳定性要求较高,其强度和稳定性直接影响检测效果。为此,运用Pro/E建立了检测装置的三维模型,并用有限元分析软件ANSYS对夹持翻转机构进行了不同工况下的静态分析及模态分析,得到夹持臂在工作时的应力应变云图及模态频率。分析表明,影响夹持机构振动特性的模态频率主要集中在8Hz左右,为其机构设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

Crop milk protein is synthesised following activation of the IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia)

1. The experiment was conducted to study whether insulin receptor substance 1 (IRS1) / Protein kinase B (Akt)/target of the rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway activation stimulates crop milk protein synthesis in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia).

2. Crop milk was collected from ten 1-d-old squabs and analysed for nutrient content. During the non-breeding period and the first day of lactation, blood samples were collected from 5 pairs of breeding pigeons and the levels of prolactin and insulin were determined.

3. Crop samples were collected from 5 pairs of breeders at d 14 and 16 of the incubation period and d 1, 3 and 7 of the lactation period. Crop samples were evaluated for changes in crop weight and thickness and changes in the expression patterns of IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway–related proteins.

4. The results demonstrated that prolactin induces a gradual increase in the relative weight and thickness of the crop, with crops reaching a maximum size at the third day of lactation.

5. Pigeon crop milk contains 64.1% crude protein and 29.7% crude fat based on dry weight.

6. Serum prolactin and insulin levels in the lactation period were significantly higher than those in the non-breeding period. Compared with non-breeding pigeons, the expression of the phosphorylated IRS1 phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated TOR, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase, phosphorylated S6, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E were significantly up-regulated in the crop of pigeons in the lactation period.

7. In conclusion, prolactin might induce changes in crop tissue and form the physiological structure for crop milk synthesis. Furthermore, the synthesis of crop milk protein is regulated by activation of the IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway.

     

Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence. In this study, we found that a carbon metabolism-related pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encoded by pyk gene (locus tag BAB_RS24320) was associated with Brucella virulence. Determination of bacterial growth curves and resistance to environmental stress factors showed that Pyk plays an important role in B. abortus growth, especially under the conditions of nutrition deprivation, and resistance to oxidative stress. Additionally, cell infection assay showed that Pyk is necessary for B. abortus survival and evading fusion with lysosomes within RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited that the Pyk deletion significantly reduced B. abortus virulence in a mouse infection model. Our results elucidated the role of the Pyk in B. abortus virulence and provided information for further investigation of Brucella virulence associated carbon metabolism.