解读涉牧违法行为涉嫌犯罪的主要罪名

畜牧兽医部门执法人员在行政执法过程中对涉牧违法行为是否涉嫌犯罪和涉嫌何种犯罪的把握,是能否依法、及时向刑事司法机关移送案件、加大对涉牧违法犯罪的打击力度的关键因素。本文依据《中华人民共和国刑法》、相关司法解释和相关法律法规,对畜牧兽医部门在行政执法过程中可能遇到的涉嫌犯罪案件3大类12个主要罪名进行了归纳和解读,可为畜牧兽医行政执法更好地与刑事司法衔接提供参考。     

植酸酶在畜禽生产中的应用研究

植酸又名肌醇六磷酸,是一种抗营养因子。植酸在低pH条件下可与蛋白质分子的碱性基团结合,络合蛋白质,抑制胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶等消化酶的活性,降低蛋白质、淀粉及脂类等营养成分的消化利用率。同时,植酸也具有极强的螯合能力,能与钙、钾、锌、铁及铜等矿物质形成不溶性盐类,影响矿物质的吸收。     

果蔗不同器官在不同生育期的同工酶聚类相关分析

为了解过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶在果蔗生长中的变化规律,本研究选择不同的取样时期和植株不同器官,对8个果蔗品种利用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳得出的叶片、根组织不同生育时期POD、EST同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,并检测其相关性。结果表明：（1）不同品种间同工酶谱的遗传相似系数存在差异,特别是外引黑皮果蔗(Badila)与中国地方品种之间存在着一定的遗传差异;（2）不同生育时期叶片或根部的POD同工酶和EST同工酶酶谱的聚类图都存在着差异;（3）叶片中的POD、EST酶谱在各个生育时期均达到极显著相关。说明叶片是这两种酶基因表达的最重要活性部位,因此叶片可以作为同工酶分析较为稳定和适宜的采样部位。     

转双抗虫基因741杨基本特性分析

对携带两个外源抗虫基因 (部分改造的BtCry1Ac基因和慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因API)的白杨杂种 74 1杨的抗虫性、生长特性、木材品质、结实特性及适应性进行多年连续观测。结果表明 ,3个转双抗虫基因 74 1杨株系对杨扇舟蛾、舞毒蛾、美国白蛾等鳞翅目食叶害虫具有高抗虫性 ,幼虫死亡率均在 80 %以上 ,并且还能抑制存活下来的昆虫幼虫的发育 ,使其发育速率减缓 ,不能正常结茧 ,连续 4年饲虫试验未发现其抗虫性有规律下降的趋势。转基因受体 74 1杨具有生长速度快 ,特别是胸径和材积生长在生长后期具有明显的速生优势 ,单株材积生长量平均超出对照 4 0 %以上 ;74 1杨木材品质优良 ,木材密度、纤维特性及各项力学性质均优于毛白杨。连续 3年观测表明 ,74 1杨为高度败育雌株 ,果穗小、数量少 ,成熟开裂前 70 %～ 90 %脱落 ,基本不飞絮。转基因 74 1杨没有发生明显变异 ,生长未受影响 ,可在毛白杨适生区推广应用。建议采用适宜的栽培模式 ,控制害虫抗性发展。     

群体改良面包小麦品质性状的方法与技术

为了探讨分子标记技术用于太谷核不育小麦(Ta1)轮回选择育种的可行性,广泛搜集含有不同优质亚基且农艺性状优良的种质资源,对创建动态的改良面包小麦品质优质基因库进行了研究。结果表明,5亚基特异PCR标记在具有5亚基的单株中均能扩增出450bp的基因片段,生化标记与其结果一致;通过控制授粉引入优质基因,开花前淘汰劣质基因型,借助于可育株与不育株的异交,使优质基因重组、累加和聚合,获得了14 15、5 10亚基的聚合体和5 12等亚基的稀有类型;与基础群体比,轮选群体的单株产量增加1.0~1.5g,株高降低7.5cm,使品质、产量得到同步改良,从而建立了分子标记辅助Ta1小麦改良品质性状的优质基因库。     

浅谈安静型缉毒犬的训练

在缉毒工作实践中,安静型缉毒犬以它搜索范围广、快速、高效、准确的工作能力,被海关、公安机关等部门列为查毒、禁毒的有力武器,     

泰王为爱犬两次著书

由泰国国王普密蓬亲自编写的再版新书《通丹的故事》在短短一周内就创下了50万本的销量，成为泰国8年来最畅销的书。就连佛教徒都认为，此书“可以扩大爱的范围，并且照亮人心”。     

Changes in VP2 gene during the attenuation of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus strain Gx isolated in China

Very virulent (vv) infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) Gx strain with high pathogenicity was attenuated through replication in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell cultures. The changes in VP2 nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences were obtained during attenuation of vvIBDV in CEF culture. Sequence analysis of selected passages from numbers 0 to 20 in CEFs (designated here Gx to CEF-20) showed that no changes were detectable in the VP2 gene before CEF-7. There were a few changes in the nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene but no amino acid substitutions at CEF-8. The virus of CEF-9 was an intermediate with some amino acid changes that possibly were related to virulence. CEF-10 virus had become similar to CU-1 strain. The VP2 gene sequence remained the same from CEF-10 to CEF-20. The results of pathogenicity tests showed that the mortalities of Gx, CEF-5, CEF-8, and CEF-9 in 4-wk-old SPF chickens were 64%, 60%, 60%, and 32%, respectively; whereas CEF-10, CEF-15, and CEF-20 were nonpathogenic. Virus neutralization tests with Gx strain showed that the antigenicities are similar from Gx to CEF-20.     

Artificial insemination of Holstein heifers with sex-sorted semen during the hot season in a subtropical region

Our aim was to investigate insemination techniques in order to improve pregnancy rates of artificial insemination (AI) using sex-sorted semen (sexed AI) in cattle in tropical and subtropical (T/ST) regions. In T/ST regions, the pregnancy rates by sexed AI are reportedly the lowest in the hottest months of the year, with less than 15% in cows and 35–40% in heifers (PMID 24048822). We compared sexed AI by depositing the semen into the uterine body (UB-AI, n = 12) versus the unilateral uterine horn (UUH-AI, n = 14) of pre-ovulation heifers. The ovary and follicle were assessed by rectal ultrasound before AI. After insemination, pregnancy was determined by ultrasound at approximately 40 days and approximately 70 days. In the present study, we demonstrated that high pregnancy rates (>70%) by sexed AI in the hottest season in a subtropical region such as Taiwan can be achieved when heifers with pre-ovulation follicles are used. The overall pregnancy rates were 54% higher in the UUH-AI (71%) group than in the UB-AI (42%) group (P = 0.06), examined on approximately 40 days post-sexed AI. Surprisingly, however, the pregnancy outcome appeared to be higher in the hot season (62%) than in the cool season (46%) although this difference was not statistically significant. Based on the present study, we recommend that cattle breeders perform UUH-AI using sex-sorted semen for heifers with pre-ovulation follicles in order to achieve satisfactory pregnancy outcome in the hot seasons in T/ST regions.