鸡马立克氏病二价活疫苗免疫协同作用研究

鸡马立克氏病二价活疫苗免疫协同作用研究@吴长新@刘秀梵@吴艳涛@张如宽@甘军纪@刘慧谋@彭大新@李胜$江苏农学院动物医学系@李胜$杭州市近江种鸡场鸡；马立克氏病；二价＋疫苗；免疫协同作用农业部“七·五”重大攻关项目；江苏省“八·五”重大攻关项目...     

鸡大肠杆菌性脑病

作者发现大肠杆菌侵入鸡脑部引起昏睡、神经症状和下痢的脑病,且该菌在脑的分离成功率最高,命名为鸡大肠杆菌性脑病。发现血清型 O_(22)、O_(53)、O_(86):B_7等大肠杆菌能突破鸡的血脑屏障进入脑部引起如上脑病。本病既可在鸡的某些呼吸道病如滑膜霉形体病、败血霉形体病、传染性鼻炎、传染性喉气管炎的基础上继发或混合感染,又可独立发生。     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

354份小麦种质中抗白粉病基因Pm21和Pm13的分布研究

为了解本课题组现有种质资源中抗白粉病基因Pm21和Pm13的分布情况,本研究利用共分离分子标记SCAR1400和SCAR564,对收集于全国多个育种单位的354份小麦种质进行检测。结果表明:在检测的354份种质中,携带Pm21的有21份,分别为‘石H083-366’、‘BH50890-1-1’、‘06Y06’、‘南农02Y393’、‘09P80’、‘09P131’、‘09P283’、‘黔麦18号’、‘黔早麦15-3’、‘黔979-1’、‘黔9963-3’、‘黔9961-2’、‘YN06’、‘绵杂麦168’、‘MR168’、‘09品A6’、‘09品E6’、‘内麦836’、‘内麦9号’、‘绵阳39’和‘绵麦367’,检出率为5.9%,其中,8份来源于四川,来源于江苏和贵州的各有5份,河北、陕西和云南的材料中各有1份;仅有1份种质‘中大01’携带Pm13,来源于河南,检出率为0.28%。本研究结果可为抗白粉病基因资源的有效利用提供重要参考依据。     

尿素-SDS-PAGE显示干酪成熟过程中酪蛋白降解生成的小分子多肽

本文采用尿素－SDS－PAGE对多肽标准品MarkerI(2512-16949）的分子量进行了测定，并对干酪成熟过程中酪蛋白降解生成的小分子多肽进行了分析。结果表明，采用16％T，6C物分离胶，6％T，3％C的浓缩胶，6 mol/L的尿素分析系统能清楚地显示分子量为2512－16949的小分子多肽，多肽标准品的直线回归系数R^2=0.9948，样品在固定，染色和脱以过程中不易扩散丢失，不需特殊染色方法，该法是显示小分子多肽物质的简单，快速，有效的方法。对成熟30天的霉菌干酪样品进行分析结果表明，样品中的酪蛋白降解后生成了大量的小分子多肽物质（分子量＜100000Da).     

Numerical Simulation of Flow field and Temperature field in Combustion Chamber Widened Suddenly

The flowfield and temperature field are numerically Simulated by the mathematical model of the fluid flow and heat transfer in circular combustion chamber widened suddenly. The distributions and influence factors of the flow field and temperature field are studied in it. The results have the guiding significance for the design of combustion chamber. The mathematical models can serve as the quantitative analysis methods for design.     

基于隐马尔科夫模型的深度视频哺乳母猪高危动作识别

哺乳母猪的高危动作和仔猪存活率有密切关系,能直接体现其母性行为能力,而这些高危动作又与其姿态转换的频率、持续时间等密切相关。针对猪舍环境下,环境光线变化、母猪与仔猪黏连、猪体形变等给哺乳母猪姿态转换识别带来的困难。该文以梅花母猪为研究对象,以Kinect2.0采集的深度视频图像为数据源,提出基于Faster R-CNN和隐马尔科夫模型的哺乳母猪姿态转换识别算法,通过FasterR-CNN产生候选区域,并采用维特比算法构建定位管道;利用Otsu分割和形态学处理提取疑似转换片段中母猪躯干部、尾部和身体上下两侧的高度序列,由隐马尔科夫模型识别姿态转换。结果表明,对姿态转换片段识别的精度为93.67%、召回率为87.84%。研究结果可为全天候母猪行为自动识别提供技术参考。     

硒对肉鸡免疫功能的增强作用

在常规商品肉鸡饲料内(硒本底值为0.187和0.176mg·kg~(-1)),再增加0.5mg·kg~(-1)硒,饲喂2～56日龄肉鸡,可增强鸡体的免疫功能。饲料中添加氯霉素(为了防治鸡白痢、禽伤寒等疾病),同时再添加0.5mg·kg~(-1)硒,具有极明显的防制氯霉素对肉鸡免疫功能造成的抑制作用,增强肉鸡抗病能力。试验还表明饲料中长期增加0.5mg·kg~(-1)硒,对肉鸡生长、健康和增重都没有不良影响。取得安全用药和具有实用意义的结果。     

菲律宾蛤仔对镉、铜暴露的蓄积作用及其抗氧化酶系统的响应研究

研究了镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）2种重金属单一暴露下菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）肝胰腺和鳃组织内的重金属富集特征和抗氧化酶活力变化特点。结果表明,蛤仔肝胰腺与鳃对Cd、Cu的富集量随重金属浓度与暴靠时间的增加而增火,具有明显的浓度效应与时间效应;菲律宾蛤仔对Cd的富集能力高于Cu,H．肝胰腺中审盖属的蓄积量高于鳃;蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱廿肽过氧化物酶（（;Px）和谷胱竹肽硫转移酶（CST）活力在暴露的某些时段被显著诱导（P〈0．05）,似随暴露时问延长或重金属浓度增加,SODf11GST活力则被显著抑制（P〈O．05）,而CPx活力随暴露时问延K逐渐恢复至对照组水平、菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃2种组织中SOD和GST的活性变化可作为海洋Cu^2＋Cd^2＋钙染的牛物标志物．     

科技期刊编辑应具备的素质刍议

编辑是科技期刊出版工作的主角，其思维方式左右着科技期刊的总体设计，他对科技期刊出版的全过程、科技期刊的内容质量、论文的取舍起着决定性的作用。本文通过分析编辑对科技期刊出版的影响，指出编辑的素质是影响科技期刊质量的关键，并论述了在新时期下，为了提高科技期刊的质量，科技期刊编辑须具备以下素质：有较高的政治素质及良好的职业道德；有一定的学术水平和相关的专业知识；拥有广博的知识、必要的文学修养；掌握编辑出版专业知识；有一定的社会活动和组织能力等。