植物富集环境污染物的我国研究进展

综述了植物富集环境污染物的研究现状,从植物富集无机污染物,植物富集有机污染物以及植物富集放射性污染物方面进行了探讨,旨在展望植物富集环境污染物的研究趋势。     

融合2D-3D卷积特征识别哺乳母猪姿态转换

母猪姿态转换影响仔猪存活率,且动作幅度与持续时间存在差异,准确识别难度大。该研究提出一种融合2D-3D卷积特征的卷积网络（2D+3D-CNet,2D+3D Convolutional Network）识别深度图像母猪姿态转换。以视频段为输入,引入注意力机制SE模块和3D空洞卷积,以提升3D卷积网络姿态转换的时空特征提取能力,用2D卷积提取母猪的空间特征;经特征融合后,动作识别分支输出母猪转换概率,姿态分类分支输出4类姿态概率,结合这两个输出结果识别8类姿态转换,减少了人工标注数据集的工作量;最后设计动作分数,优化母猪姿态转换的时间定位。在测试集上,2D+3D-CNet姿态转换识别精度为97.95%、召回率为91.67%、测试速度为14.39帧/s,精度、召回率和时间定位精度均高于YOWO、FRCNN-HMM和MOC-D方法。该研究结果实现了母猪姿态转换高精度识别。     

小麦品种对赤霉病的慢病性研究

采用分生孢子悬浮液花期喷雾接种法,在大田研究了12个小麦品种对赤霉病菌的抗病性,系统记载了小麦赤霉病病穗率和发病严重度,计算病情指数并进行曲线拟合,结果表明,小麦赤霉病病情指数发展过程符合Logistic模型。计算AUDPC并进行聚类分析,结果表明,12个小麦品种对赤霉病的抗病性可分为抗病性、慢病性和感病性3种类型。其中陕229、陕213、小偃135和88(1)16-9等品种具有群体慢发抗病性。     

Competitive sorption between imidacloprid and imidacloprid-urea on soil clay minerals and humic acids

Soil organic matter and clay minerals are responsible for the adsorption of many pesticides. Adsorption and competitive sorption of imidacloprid on clay minerals and humic acids (HA) were determined using the batch equilibration method. The sorption coefficient of imidacloprid on humic acids was significantly higher than that on Ca-clay minerals, indicating that soil organic matter content was a more important property in influencing the adsorption of imidacloprid. Competitive sorption was investigated between imidacloprid and its main metabolite imidacloprid-urea on HA and Ca-clay minerals. The results showed that the sorption capacity of imidacloprid on clay minerals and HA was reduced in the presence of the metabolite, implying that imidacloprid-urea could occupy or block adsorption sites of imidacloprid on soil, potentially affecting the fate, transport, and bioavailability of imidacloprid in the environment. The interactions between a Ca-clay or HA-clay mixture and adsorption of imidacloprid and imidacloprid-urea were studied using IR differential spectra on thin films made of the adsorbent. The possible mechanisms were discussed from the shift of characteristic IR absorption bands of imidacloprid and imidacloprid-urea after sorption.     

不同小麦品种茎秆抗倒性的研究

为了明确影响小麦抗倒伏性的主要因素,选用生产中应用较广泛的6个高产小麦品种,采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同品种的抗倒伏性状进行研究。结果表明,百农矮抗58的倒伏指数较小,为0.432,与其他品种相比差异显著;百农矮抗58的茎秆机械强度大、茎秆基部第二节短粗、秆壁较厚、次生根数量较多、株高和重心高度较低。相关分析表明,倒伏指数与第二节关系密切,第二节机械强度越大、壁越厚、干重越大、地下部根量越多,倒伏指数就越小,茎秆抗倒性就越强;适当降低株高可以降低植株的重心高度,增强植株抗倒能力。逐步回归分析表明,影响茎秆抗倒性的直接因子为茎秆基部第二节机械强度、第二节干重、地下部根量及地上部鲜重,其中第二节机械强度对茎秆倒伏指数的直接作用最大,其直接通径系数为-0.775,可用第二节机械强度的大小评价品种茎秆抗倒性的强弱。     

Numerical Simulation of Flow field and Temperature field in Combustion Chamber Widened Suddenly

The flowfield and temperature field are numerically Simulated by the mathematical model of the fluid flow and heat transfer in circular combustion chamber widened suddenly. The distributions and influence factors of the flow field and temperature field are studied in it. The results have the guiding significance for the design of combustion chamber. The mathematical models can serve as the quantitative analysis methods for design.     

The Method of Diagnosing Brain-dysfunction Based on Membership Function and BP Neural Network

Membership functions.formed with the characteristic values obtained by applying the continuous reaction time (CRT) theory from controls and heptic encephalopthy and proposedin this paper.whith these membership functions,the CRT data to be diagnosed are calculated in advance,and then discriminated by BP meural network to differentiate patients with or without braindysfunction.The troubles of low accuracy and efficiency,encountered in training BP network withfuzzy samples.scattered data and extended samples,are solved.     

内燃机排气成分动态检测方法的研究

介绍了采用飞行时间质谱仪动态测量内燃机排气成分的方法。提出了实现动态检测的系统方案，研制开发了高速数据采集系统，给出了性能试验结果。测量并识别了质量数相近的N2和C2H4的谱图，给出了废气成分浓度的动态变化曲线。     

基于NIR定量模型快速预测发酵麸皮中还原糖和可溶性蛋白成分的含量

为建立一种能快速预测发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的定量分析模型,本研究以发酵麦麸为样本,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法（3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS）和BCA蛋白浓度测定法分别测定样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量;利用近红外光谱技术（Near infrared spectrum instrument, NIR）结合偏最小二乘法（Partial least squares regression, PLS）,比较预处理方法、最佳波长及主成分因子的决定系数R²,建立发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的NIR快速检测定量模型。结果表明：1）发酵麦麸还原性糖定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为7时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.904 8,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为1.576 1,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为3.240 8;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.954 9且还原糖活性成分的验证集样本的测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.959 5>0.05。2）发酵麦麸可溶性蛋白定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为10时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.938 2,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为2.003,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为4.021 9;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.994 4,且可溶性蛋白活性成分的验证集样本测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.901 9>0.05。综上,建立的NIR光谱定量模型稳定性和准确性较好,且预测准确度良好,可用于快速预测发酵麦麸样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。     

Effect of dietary protein reduction with lysine and methionnine supplementation on growth performance,body composition and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

A 63‐day growth trial was undertaken to estimate the effects of supplemented lysine and methionine with different dietary protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six plant‐based practical diets were prepared, and 32CP, 30CP and 28CP diets were formulated to contain 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 crude protein without lysine and methionine supplementation. In the supplementary group, lysine and methionine were added to formulate 32AA, 30AA and 28AA diets with 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 dietary crude protein, respectively, according to the whole body amino acid composition of Grass Carp. In the groups without lysine and methionine supplementation, weight gain (WG, %) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day^?1) of the fish fed 32CP diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed 30CP and 28CP diets, but no significant differences were found between 30CP‐ and 28CP‐diet treatments. WG and SGR of the fish fed 32AA and 30AA diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed 28AA diets, and the performance of grass carp was also significantly improved when fed diets with lysine and methionine supplementation (P < 0.05), and the interaction between dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation was noted between WG and SGR (P < 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Two days after total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration test, the values of TAN discharged by the fish 8 h after feeding were 207.1, 187.5, 170.6, 157.3, 141.3 and 128.9 mg kg^?1 body weight for fish fed 32CP, 32AA, 30CP, 30AA, 28CP and 28AA diets, respectively. TAN excretion by grass carp was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05). The results indicated that lysine and methionine supplementation to the plant protein sources‐based practical diets can improve growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, and the dietary crude protein can be reduced from 320 g kg^?1 to 300 g kg^?1 through balancing amino acids profile. The positive effect was not observed at 280 g kg^?1 crude protein level.