Antibacterial Mechanism of Chitosan–Gentamicin and Its Effect on the Intestinal Flora of Litopenaeus vannamei Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

To explore the application of chitosan–gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) in inhibiting Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), which is an important pathogen in aquatic animals worldwide, the antimicrobial activity of CS-GT and the effects of a CS-GT dose on the intestine histopathology and intestinal flora of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimps were explored. The results showed that CS-GT possessed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 20.00 ± 0.01, 75.00 ± 0.02 and 18.72 ± 3.17 μg/mL for V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Further scanning electron microscope and cell membrane damage analyses displayed that the electrostatic interaction of CS-GT with cell membrane strengthened after CS grafted GT, resulting in leakage of nucleic acid and electrolytes of V. parahaemolyticus. On the other hand, histopathology investigation indicated that high (100 mg/kg) and medium (50 mg/kg) doses of CS-GT could alleviate the injury of a shrimp’s intestine caused by V. parahaemolyticus. Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis found high and medium dose of CS-GT could effectively inhabit V. parahaemolyticus invasion and reduce intestinal dysfunction. In conclusion, CS-GT possesses good antibacterial activity and could protect shrimps from pathogenic bacteria infection.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

淅川72种野生木本观赏植物评价

基于河南省淅川地区野外实地调查和查阅文献资料,从野生植物观赏特性、生物学特性和资源潜力3个方面选择了12个具体指标,应用层次分析法建立了淅川野生木本观赏植物评价体系,利用Yaahp 10.3软件构造矩阵并计算评价体系中的各具体指标所占的权重,对选择的72种野生木本观赏植物进行了综合评价,根据软件计算的综合得分来划分优先开发利用等级。     

核桃、花生复合乳饮料开发及稳定性研究

以核桃、花生、脱脂奶粉为原料,研究开发复合饮料,对核桃汁、花生汁、牛奶、蔗糖添加量进行单因素试验,以感官评分为评价指标;在此基础上,选择3个水平进行正交优化及方差分析。结果表明,核桃汁添加量为15%,花生汁添加量为25%,牛奶添加量为30%,蔗糖添加量为6%,开发复合乳饮料口感最佳,风味较好。在最佳工艺条件下,选择海藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶、CMC为稳定剂考察复合饮料的稳定性,通过单因素试验、中心组合设计及响应面优化分析确定最佳复合稳定剂,结果表明,海藻酸钠添加量为0.024%、阿拉伯胶添加量为0.015%、CMC添加量为0.028%,沉淀率可降到0.415%。     

城市化和城市绿地对城市鸟类影响的研究进展

通过查阅2000—2019年以城市鸟类为主题的文献,归纳出城市鸟类学研究的3个热点议题,即人为干扰对城市鸟类的影响,城市绿地、城市化与城市鸟类群落关系的研究,植物群落组成对城市鸟类栖息地的影响。在此基础上分析了城市化和城市绿地对城市鸟类影响的研究现状,进而对城市绿地景观设计提出了展望。     

坝上沽源县土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

分析土地利用变化数据,采用中国陆地生态系统的服务价值测算方法,评估了沽源县土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明:1990~2006年沽源县耕地面积大幅度减少,牧草地面积稍有减少,林地面积大幅度增加,园地面积没有变化,其余类型面积稍有增加;其中耕地面积减少了73 508.2 hm2,林地面积增加了73 975.5 hm2,这主要是退耕还林草的结果;1990~2006年生态系统服务价值增加了30 550.9万元,其中林地和牧草地对生态系统服务价值的贡献最大。     

早熟金针菇新品种G1的杂交选育

以金针菇菌株F3-31和FM-83为亲本,经过杂交选育出优良白色金针菇菌株G1.以菌丝生长速度、生长势、产量、子实体农艺性状及栽培周期等为指标,对金针菇菌株G1与其亲本进行比较.试验结果表明,G1菌丝生长速度快且生长势旺盛;平均单瓶产量达216 g,比亲本分别增产54 g、20 g,生物转化率也比亲本菌株高,达到72%;栽培周期43 d,比亲本分别缩短1 d、6 d;子实体各项农艺性状优良,是适于金针菇工厂化栽培的早熟白色优良菌株.     

蒋白纹枯病菌菌丝融合群及其致病性测定

菌丝融合型测定结果表明，32个茭白纹枯病菌菌株隶属于两个菌丝融合群：30个属AG1群，占测定菌株的93．95％，其中AG1-IA、AG1－IC两亚群菌株依次为24与6，有两菌株为AG4，占6．25％。显然，AG1－IA为优势融合群，占测定菌株的75％。融合群致病性测定结果表明，AG1－IA致病性强，AG1－IC弱，AG4基本不致病。茭白与水稻两种纹枯病菌交互接种，其发病基本一致。由此，作者认为这两种纹枯病菌为同一病原物，或者说茭白、水稻是同一病原物的两个寄主植物。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

甘蓝Ogura 细胞质雄性不育相关基因BoMF1启动子的克隆及功能分析

 通过TAIL-PCR 染色体步移技术,从甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）基因组中克 隆到胞质雄性不育（OguCMS）相关基因BoMF1 翻译起始位点上游521 bp 的启动子序列。软件分析预测 表明,该启动子序列中存在多个顺式作用元件,包括TATA-box、CAAT-box、MYB 结合位点、植物激 素响应单元等。为了研究该启动子的表达特性,亚克隆了BoMF1 转录起始位点上游521 bp 序列,将其置 换pBI121 中的CaMV35S 启动子,驱动其下游的GUS 基因,构建植物表达载体pBI121-BoMF1P,以pBI121 空载体作为阳性对照,通过农杆菌（LBA4404）介导法转入拟南芥。结果表明,甘蓝BoMF1 启动子序列 能驱动GUS 基因在拟南芥花药发育晚期的花药和花粉中特异表达,表达具有组织特异性。