CdCl2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及凋亡的影响

利用不同浓度(0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL)的氯化镉(CdCl2)对处理牛卵母细胞前后对其成熟率、凋亡率、Ca2分布、线粒体膜电位、Bcl-2与Bax的基因表达的影响,初步为重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖细胞发育及细胞凋亡机制的进一步研究打下基础.利用0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL的氯化镉(CdCl2)处理...     

烤烟调制后单叶中四种常规化学成分的区域分布

当前烤烟的配方加工利用整片烟叶并按照烟叶的等级和部位进行的,这样就会忽略叶片内部的化学物质的区域分布。采用自制的带孔薄木板把烤烟单片烟叶划成48个点取样,测量4种常规化学成分（烟碱、糖、K+ 和Cl-）含量,运用地统工具、SPSS、Management zone analyst统计软件进行分析。结果表明：烟碱、糖、K+ 和Cl- 含量块金效应大于75%,具有较弱空间相关性,从克里金插值图上看具有大的空间变异性;4类物质只有主成分特征值2.864大于1,占总变量的71.64%;整个单叶片可以精确地划分成4个区域。本研究能够为打叶复烤和卷烟配方提供有用的信息。     

瑞香狼毒超临界CO2萃取物的杀螨毒力及机理初探

为了测定瑞香狼毒超临界CO2萃取物对朱砂叶螨的触杀毒力,并了解其作用机理,笔者采用玻片浸渍法测定瑞香狼毒超临界CO2萃取物（SCE）对朱砂叶螨的触杀毒力,观察其对朱砂叶螨的致毒症状;结果表明：SCE对朱砂叶螨24 h的触杀LC50值为2.411 mg/mL;中毒试螨表现出类似神经毒剂的致毒症状,如兴奋、痉挛等。随后测定了SCE对朱砂叶螨神经系统靶标酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶、单胺氧化酶、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶）活性的影响。结果表明,SCE能够显著抑制试螨乙酰胆碱酯酶、单胺氧化酶、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性;据此推测,SCE对朱砂叶螨可能具有神经毒性。     

不同前茬对烤烟根际土壤微生物的影响

以烤烟‘K326’为材料,在石林和寻甸2个不同气候生态烟区,通过田间试验研究1年2熟条件下油菜、小麦、大麦、绿肥和冬闲5种前茬对植烟土壤根际微生物量的影响。研究结果表明：在2个生态区不同前茬对烟株根际土壤微生物的影响各不相同;前茬绿肥、小麦能增加烤烟根际土壤中后期细菌、放线菌数量,降低根际真菌量;大麦、冬闲前茬到烟株打顶时,根际土壤真菌数量明显大于油菜、小麦及绿肥前茬;在2个生态气候区,前茬种植油菜对烟田根际土壤真菌群落影响不明显,大麦与绿肥前茬下植烟土壤根际微生物量明显大于其他几种前茬类型,其中又以绿肥好于大麦。     

干旱胁迫对不同基因型夏谷芽期的影响

用不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱处理14个夏谷品种,统计相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数及相对芽长、根长。结果表明,除5%PEG处理外,PEG处理对14个品种夏谷的萌发均有抑制作用,但抑制程度不同。根据所有指标的隶属函数值将14个品种分为4个级别,200152和200131为强抗旱品种,安06-6082、郑06-3、沧344、济0404、济0515、06766-7和长生08为较抗旱品种,安04-4783、206058、沧555和冀谷19为弱抗旱品种,冀谷31为不抗旱品种。     

生物质醋液生产原料筛选及其转化技术研究

中国是农业大国,农林生物资源丰富,但农林生物质利用还很局限,项目将从植物资源综合利用的角度出发,重点介绍生物质醋液生产原料的筛选、基本理化性质与得率的变化情况以及转化技术的研究,并确定生物质醋液的最佳工艺参数和生产流程。最终寻求一种农林生物质高效、无公害、资源化利用的方法,研制出高效稳定的醋液,对下一步作为植物生长调节剂、发展有机生态农牧业和走可持续发展之路提供技术支撑和服务平台。试验结果表明：在相同条件（温度、通风量等）下,以芦苇为原材料,将含水率调节到15%左右,热解温度调到600℃,通过精制方法所获得的醋液得率高,焦油含量低,质量好,再利用静置方法静置4~6个月,所获得的醋液pH变化小、性质较为稳定、成本低、效果最好。     

副干酪乳杆菌HD1.7遗传转化体系的初步建立

优化副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)HD1.7的电转化条件,为构建L .paracasei HD1.7prcR基因敲除突变株奠定基础。通过电转化方法将自杀质粒pUC18-prcR-tet导入L. paracasei HD1.7内,对影响L .paracasei HD1.7电转化的几个主要因素进行了初步研究。当L. paracasei HD1.7生长8 h时,加入青霉素使终浓度为12.5 μg/mL,再培养1 h。经AEB1电转缓冲液(蔗糖浓度为0.3 mol/L)处理后,在1.8?2.0 KV电压下完成电击,并迅速加入MRS培养基中,复苏5 h,成功地将自杀质粒pUC18-prcR-tet转入L. paracasei HD1.7内,并发生了部分同源重组。本研究得到了副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）HD1.7较优电转化条件,为继续研究L.paracasei HD1.7的群体感应调控因子prcR奠定了基础。     

Experiments on heat loss characteristics in a fully opened cylindrical cavity receiver

The climate has a great impact on highway bridge rubber bearings than on building rubber bearings. In order to study the change of the mechanical properties during the life of the plain chloroprene rubber bearings of highway bridge under freeze-thaw cycle condition, the plain chloroprene rubber bearings were processed 25, 50, 75, 100 times by freeze-thaw cycle in the standard freeze-thaw chamber, then the axial compression tests were carried. The changes of the performance indicators in the bearing capacity , the ultimate compressive strength, vertical stiffness, elastic modulus under different freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed comparatively. The results show that the plain chloroprene rubber bearings are more prone to brittle failure after the freeze-thaw cycle, and the failure phenomena of steel plate exposing or cracks is more serious than the phenomena of the standard specimen. With the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycle, the ultimate bearing capacity, ultimate compressive strength and compressive elastic modulus of the plain chloroprene rubber bearings decrease. The attenuation formula and decay curve in 50 years of ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus of compression are analyzed by least square method, the trends of change are both in line with the exponential function. The mechanical properties of plain chloroprene rubber bearings of highway bridge significantly decreased under freeze-thaw cycle condition. therefore, the temperature ranges of plain chloroprene rubber bearings of highway bridge should be strictly controlled, and some suggestions, such as increasing its minimum applicable temperature, usng the natural rubber bearings as much as possible in cold regions, have been given.     

Mapping powdery mildew resistance gene in V97‐3000 soybean

V97‐3000 is a maturity group (MG) V soybean breeding line derived from SS 516 × V90‐2592 (Vance × V81‐1325) with high stachyose, small seed and powdery mildew resistance. A total of 53 F_2:3 families were derived from a cross between V97‐3000 and a powdery mildew susceptible line V99‐5089. The 53 F_2:3 families, each with 30 plants, were grown in the greenhouse for powdery mildew evaluation, and the corresponding 53 F₂ plants were genotyped using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Results showed that the 53 F_2:3 families segregated in ratio of one resistant : two segregating : one susceptible (13 : 26 : 14) and the 26 segregating F_2:3 families each exhibited a good fit to three resistant : one susceptible, indicating that resistance to powdery mildew is conditioned by a single dominant gene. The gene for powdery mildew resistance in V97‐3000 was mapped on chromosome 16 [linkage group (LG) J] flanked by Satt547 and Sat_396 on one side and Sat_393 on the other side with 3.8 cM and 3.9 cM distance, respectively. This study provides a new source of powdery mildew resistance and information of genetic location of the resistance gene and linked markers, which is useful for breeders selecting powdery mildew resistance through marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding programmes.     

宋式木构屋盖自重及材份制相似关系

依据宋代《营造法式》,设计了4种试验用宋式木构足尺及比例模型并确定了相应的屋盖形式;因屋面瓦和铺衬在雨雪天吸水而使屋盖重量加大,提出了考虑使用期和施工期不同工况计算屋盖重量;分析了《营造法式》中黄松与华北落叶松的关系,引入应县木塔柱轴力并与实际计算的屋盖重量对比,初步推定了《营造法式》中各材等间按照确定的相似准则在荷载效应上存在对应关系。结果可为计算宋式类似木构屋盖重量提供借鉴,为进一步探索材份制中的相似关系和木结构模型相似系数提供参考。