Dynamics of cadmium concentration in contaminated rice paddy soils with submerging time

This study examined the change in the speciation of cadmium (Cd) in contaminated rice paddy soils with prolonged submergence. Three Changhua soils (CH1, CH2, and CH3) from central Taiwan and three Taoyuan red soils (TY1, TY2, and TY3) from northern Taiwan with different levels of heavy metal contamination were selected for the study. The Cd, Fe, Mn, soil pH, and Eh in soil solutions were determined as a function of submerging time. During submergence, the Fe and Mn concentration increased, while the SO₄ ^2? concentration decreased. The concentrations of Cd immediately increased in the soil solutions after a short submerging time and then decreased with further submergence. The sequential extraction showed that the exchangeable fraction decreased and the oxide-bound fraction increased after submergence. According to preliminary calculations of the MinteqA2 program, sulfate cannot be reduced to sulfite or sulfide under the soil Eh and pH values observed for the soils after prolonged submergence. Thus, the observed decreases of sulfate concentration may result from sulfate reduction in the micro-environments, which cannot be accounted for by the thermodynamic calculation. The reduction of sulfate to sulfide may subsequently result in the formation of CdS precipitate, which attributes to the decreases of Cd concentrations in the soil solutions after prolonged submergence.     

小型轴流滚筒结构及工作参数优化试验

解决动力偏低是小动力拖拉机配套联收机的关键问题,为寻求降低脱粒、分离部件功耗的途径,本研究设计了专用试验台架,用正交试验法,就脱粒滚筒的结构、工作参数优化等问题,进行了两年的室内试验。结果表明,当喂入量在0.75kg/s时,脱粒、清选全部功耗可控制在4.4kW以下。文中对根据试验结果研制的飞龙-0.75联收机的功耗、性能、田间实测情况也作了简要介绍。     

保水剂对混剂土特性的影响

为了解保水剂施入土壤后对土壤性质的影响,促进保水剂在抗旱节水中的合理应用。在河北农业大学实验基地,对青海“绿宝”公司提供的3种剂型保水剂施入土壤后的混剂土进行土壤水分常数、密度、pH值、土壤膨胀率和土壤硬度等性能测定。结果表明：保水剂能显著提高土壤中的土壤水分常数和土壤孔隙度,但混剂土的土壤密度减小;保水剂能明显提高土壤的膨胀性能65％-170％;保水剂加入土壤后对土壤的pH值影响较小;在土壤大量失水后,保水剂能明显降低土壤坚实度,对照土壤的硬度是混剂土硬度的5．2—32．9倍。     

拖拉机驾驶室可靠性疲劳试验研究

分析了拖拉机驾驶室的振动环境，提出了一种用定频正弦振动等效模拟窄带随机振动的试验方法，编制了拖拉机驾驶室的室内可靠性疲劳试验载荷谱，达到以较少的试验投入实现拖拉机驾驶室振动环境室内疲劳模拟试验的目的。     

丁香酚对日本沼虾麻醉效果的研究

研究了丁香酚对日本沼虾的麻醉效果。在不同浓度(100,200,300,400和500mg/L)和不同温度(17,22和27℃)条件下,观察日本沼虾的麻醉状态和苏醒状态,然后对试验数据进行统计分析。结果表明(P<0.05):日本沼虾进入麻醉状态所需的时间(麻醉时间)随丁香酚浓度的升高而缩短,随麻醉温度的升高而缩短;苏醒所需时间(苏醒时间)随丁香酚浓度的升高而加长,随麻醉温度的升高和而缩短;苏醒后第14d统计,各实验组存活率均为100%。多重比较结果表明(P<0.05):对于麻醉效果的影响,不同的麻醉浓度之间存在显著差异,不同的麻醉温度之间也存在显著差异;对于恢复效果的影响,麻醉浓度100mg/L和200mg/L之间的差异不显著,浓度400mg/L和500mg/L之间差异也不显著,麻醉温度17℃和22℃之间差异不显著,其他两两相互比较,差异均显著。研究表明,丁香酚对日本沼虾的麻醉效果良好,是一种合适的麻醉剂。     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

禽流感风险下肉鸡养殖户对疫苗作用认知研究

养殖户是农村动物疫情的防控主体,他们的防疫认知程度直接影响着防疫的结果。基于全国331个肉鸡养殖户的调查,采用多元有序的Logistic模型,分析2011年后我国全面免疫效率降低,禽流感疫情反弹的问题,探讨养殖户对疫苗作用认知及其影响因素。结果表明,大部分养殖户对疫苗作用有一定的了解,但仍有大约20%的养殖户对疫苗认识一般,尤其是不了解。对疫病作用认知的影响因素很多,但正向影响最为显著的因素为养殖户的疫病风险认知、禽流感联防联控系统参与意愿,即具有较高疫病风险认知和禽流感联防联控系统参与意愿的养殖户对疫苗作用的认知较高。因此,相关部门应力求提高农户的疫病风险意识和培训养殖户对禽流感联防联控系统的参与意愿。     

连作对藜麦生长和生理特性的影响

[目的]探究连作对藜麦生长的影响及其生理机制.[方法]选取'陇藜1号'为材料,开展田间定位试验,进行不连作(C0)与连作3年(C3)的对比实验,比较不同生育期藜麦生物量及叶片生理生化指标的变化,分析连作对藜麦的生长、产量及生理特性的影响.[结果]结果表明,C3处理的株高、鲜物质质量、干物质质量在显穗期与灌浆期比C0分别...     

有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响

【目的】研究土壤速效养分、酶活性以及土壤中微生物总量与有机肥的关系,为提高农田土壤生物肥力、培肥土壤、实现土壤可持续利用及有机肥在农业生产实践中的推广应用提供参考。【方法】在控制条件下研究有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响。【结果】(1)通过有机肥的施用可明显提高土壤中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,促进小麦的生长发育。(2)通过有机肥的施用可明显提高土壤微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)数量和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶)活性。【结论】施用有机肥除了直接增加土壤有效养分和改善理化性质外,还对土壤生物和生物化学特性有明显的影响。     

基于ADAMS的采伐联合机臂系运动学仿真分析

对于多自由度机器人的运动学分析,一般采用D-H方法,但其计算复杂,准确度不高。采用先进的运动学分析软件ADAMS,对设计的采伐联合机臂系建模并进行运动学分析,研究采伐机在工作过程中整个臂系的运动状况,以及伐木头的运动轨迹和速度的变化情况,为研究采伐联合机臂系是否会发生干涉碰撞和样机的调试奠定理论基础。