Bone metabolic effects of single-dose zoledronate in healthy dogs

Zoledronate, an aminobisphosphonate with potent antiresorptive activity in bone, has the potential for treatment of malignant osteolysis and hypercalcemia in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone metabolic effects of a single dose of zoledronate in healthy dogs. Four skeletally mature, male, intact dogs received a 15-minute i.v. infusion of zoledronate at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg. Urine N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) excretion decreased significantly from baseline by 76, 63, 77, and 73% on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively (P < .0125). Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) decreased significantly from baseline by 36 and 42% on days 21 and 28, respectively (P < .0125). No changes were detected in indices of calcium homeostasis (ionized calcium, intact PTH, or urine calcium excretion). Single-dose i.v. zoledronate at 0.25 mg/kg appears to inhibit homeostatic osteolytic activity in healthy, skeletally mature dogs. Prospective studies should assess repeated-dose safety and activity in healthy and diseased animals of various age groups.     

2010—2019年安徽省执业兽医资格考试现状

为了解安徽省执业兽医资格考试现状,完善执业兽医考试制度,切实提高执业兽医水平,全面分析了安徽省执业兽医资格考试报名及通过情况、参考人员年龄结构、学历分布和职业构成等。结果显示：2010—2019年,安徽省共有10 423人参加执业兽医资格考试,其中3 684人达到农业农村部公布的助理执业兽医师和执业兽医师最低分数线,通过率为35.3%。执业兽医队伍逐步年轻化,30岁以下占58.0%,大专生以上学历达到50.0%。从业人员主要集中在行政机关和诊疗机构,报考人数少、从业人员比例低等问题比较突出。由此为执业兽医资格考试发展方向提出了建设性建议,包括完善执业兽医准入制度,完善执业兽医考试制度,建立执业兽医继续教育制度。     

草地早熟禾种子萌发和幼苗生长对铅胁迫的适应性

为研究草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）对铅（Pb）的适应性,本研究采用盆栽试验分析了铅胁迫（Pb²⁺浓度为0,100,200,300,400,500,600 mg·L^-1）下草地早熟禾种子的萌发情况和幼苗生理生化的变化,结果显示：萌发期,随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加,发芽率和芽苗的芽长先升高后降低;发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽苗的根长和苗重均随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加而逐渐降低;幼苗期,叶绿素含量在Pb²⁺浓度小于200 mg·L^-1时无明显变化,在Pb²⁺浓度大于400 mg·L^-1时显著低于对照;细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）和脯氨酸（Proline,Pro）含量均随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加而升高,保护酶活性和活性氧自由基均随着Pb²⁺浓度增加先升高后降低。试验结果表明浓度小于200 mg·L^-1的铅胁迫可促进草地早熟禾种子的发芽,大于300 mg·L^-1则显著抑制;苗期在Pb²⁺浓度小于400 mg·L^-1时草地早熟禾可通过激活自身的抗氧化酶系统和增加Pro含量抑制细胞膜相对透性、MDA和活性氧自由基的增加以适应Pb²⁺胁迫,大于400 mg·L^-1时则影响其正常生长,可见土壤中铅浓度小于300 mg·L^-1的铅污染地区可种植草地早熟禾绿化环境。     

蜜蜂中肠酪素酶与孢子虫病的关系

蜜蜂中肠酪素酶与蜜蜂中肠围食膜的形成有关，而围食膜的致密度又决定了蜜蜂微孢子虫能否侵入蜜蜂中肠上皮细胞。取蜜蜂中肠测定其酪素酶的活力，得知对意大利蜂而言，酶的活力越高，孢子虫病发病率越低；反之，则发病率高，且酶活力随季节变化。     

红三叶的研究和利用

结合国内外有关红三叶研究和利用的科研成果，对红三叶的价值，品种分类，生长特性，混播和施肥技术及利用特点进行了综合分析，指出红三叶在我国，特别是南方地区具有很大的栽培推广潜力。     

一起疑似羊捻转血矛线虫感染的紧急流行病学调查

2016年8月16日,新疆温泉县某乡镇报告发生羊不明原因死亡,疑似感染捻转血矛线虫.为确定病因,控制疫情,减少损失,防止类似事件再次发生,新疆维吾尔自治区动物疾病预防控制中心组织相关人员,采用现场访谈、实地调查、问卷调查、临床剖检等方式,开展了紧急流行病学调查.调查发现:温泉县牧区是捻转血矛线虫的老疫区,在数十年前曾暴...     

加拿大开展兽医体系效能评估的做法及启示

在“同一健康”倡议下,世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）构建了兽医体系效能（PVS）评估标准框架,通过在全球范围内大力推广PVS评估工作,持续加强各成员兽医机构能力建设,实现全球动物卫生、动物福利及公共卫生状况的整体改善。加拿大是WOAH成员中为数不多的,较早申请完成PVS专家评估并公开发表评估报告的发达国家之一,以卓越的表现充分展示了其世界领先水平的兽医服务能力。加拿大开展PVS评估的经验做法包括：运用WOAH PVS评估标准理念开展内部评估,通过查找、分析与既定目标或国际标准的差距,实现重点职能领域核心能力的定向提升;通过主动申请WOAH专家评估,紧密结合全球发展战略和自身需求,确定优先改进和发展事项。这些做法启示我国：应聚焦核心能力建设,构建科学适用的内部效能评估体系;加强交流协作,建立国家层面的跨部门效能评估协调机制;推动联合共治,在重要口岸城市开展联合效能评估试点工作。本文为我国引进、推广PVS评估系统方法,以效能评估为抓手,分步、有序促进国门生物安全核心能力建设,提升体制机制效能提供了借鉴。     

Monitoring response to aminobisphosphonate therapy in canine osteosarcoma using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (dexa)

Introduction: Palliative therapy is essential to improve the quality of life of dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA), when definitive therapy is not considered a valid option. Bisphosphonates, a novel class of antiosteoclastic drugs, are widely used in humans for several painful osteolytic conditions. Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is recognized as a reliable tool to measure bone mineral density (BMD), and to monitor treatment response to bisphosphonates in humans. A prospective evaluation of pamidronate, an injectable aminobisphosphonate, is ongoing in dogs with appendicular OSA. The potential value of DEXA for objective evaluation of BMD variations with palliative therapies is concurrently being assessed. Materials and Methods: Dogs with naturally occurring appendicular OSA treated with pamidronate constitute the patient population. A DEXA scan (QDR‐4500 W, Hologic, Bedford, MA) is performed on day 0 (baseline) and on every treatment day with pamidronate thereafter (every 28 days). For each dog, a whole body scan is performed, followed by a scan of the tumor, and contralateral normal bone. Three regions of interest are subsequently analyzed for BMD changes in tumor and normal bone. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t‐test and paired t‐tests, with significance being set at p < 0.05. Results: Nineteen dogs have been enrolled to date. Seven responders and 6 non‐responders have suitable data for analysis. A significant difference is observed (p = 0.04) between tumor BMD variations of responders and non‐responders at day 28 (mean variations +18.0% and ?4.6% respectively). The changes at day 28 are significant only in the responders (p = 0.038 vs p = 0.05 in non‐responders). When BMD of tumor and normal bone at day 84 is compared to day 0 in six responders, only tumor had a significant increase (p = 0.017 vs p = 0.279, respectively). Conclusions: Objective measurements of response to therapy are essential in pain palliation studies. Increased tumor bone BMD, as obtained by DEXA analysis, may correlate with subjective clinical improvement in pamidronate‐treated dogs with appendicular OSA.