改进AOA模式的大田农机无人驾驶导航参数检测系统设计

卫星导航、视觉导航和雷达导航的成本昂贵、系统构成复杂和适用作业场景有限,在生产特征呈现区域化、适度小规模和分布零散的国内南方水田难以实现便捷跨区域作业和无法适用多农业场景.针对上述问题,该研究以大田环境下无人驾驶农机的牛耕式往复作业路径模式为背景,提出了改进AOA(信号到达角度,Angle-of-Arrival)模式的...     

灵芝原生质体单核化育种

由于灵芝孢子难于在人工条件下萌发,无法获得灵芝育种所需的单核菌株,这使灵芝的育种进展缓慢。本实验利用生物统计软件和分子生物学方法,选择遗传距离较远和农艺性状互补的G.l0006 、G.l0012、G.l0024、G.l0030+2和G.l0003+1作为亲本菌株,通过原生质体单核化,获得了81株灵芝单核菌株,以此为材料进行杂交育,成功获得了24株杂交种,通过拮抗反应验证,证明它们确实是杂交菌株。     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

葡萄资源叶片抗炭疽病鉴定及抗病基因的QTL定位

【目的】炭疽病是葡萄的主要病害之一,极易造成大规模的病害流行,严重影响葡萄产量及品质,筛选抗病种质及挖掘抗病基因有利于葡萄抗病机制研究及抗病育种的开展。【方法】利用室内离体叶片接种法,对60份中国野生葡萄种质、122份欧亚种质、76份欧美杂种以及美人指×刺葡萄0940的F1代杂交群体进行炭疽病抗性鉴定与评价,并利用SNP标记构建的遗传图谱对炭疽病抗性进行QTL定位。【结果】经抗性鉴定,共筛选出1份高抗、43份抗病和75份中抗种质,分别占总鉴定种质的0.39%、16.67%和29.07%。以筛选出的抗病种质刺葡萄0940和感病种质美人指的杂交后代为分离群体进行QTL定位,在第8号连锁群上检测到一个与抗炭疽病相关的QTL位点,可解释14.7%的表型变异。根据QTL定位区间基因注释结果,筛选出15个抗病相关基因,推测它们在葡萄抗炭疽病中发挥一定作用。【结论】明确了不同葡萄种质的炭疽病抗性水平,定位到1个抗炭疽病QTL位点并筛选出15个抗病相关基因。     

沈阳城市森林三维绿量的垂直分布

采用抽样调查法对沈阳城市森林5种功能类型的201块有效样地进行了调查,测算了样地内树木的三维绿量,利用将树木绿量汇集于树冠中心点的方法,对沈阳城市森林三维绿量垂直分布进行了研究。结果表明:沈阳城市森林的三维绿量垂直分布呈现典型的正态分布,其变化趋势与三维绿量垂直跨度分布相一致;新栽植树木对三维绿量垂直分布影响较小,三维绿量值更多地取决于三维绿量垂直跨度,即大龄级大树冠树木对三维绿量的贡献值最大。沈阳城市森林三维绿量垂直分布峰值为9 m。风景游憩林、附属林、道路林、生态公益林及生产经营林三维绿量垂直跨越层次依次为4.6、4.0、3.6、3.4、1.8,平均为3.9。风景游憩林和附属林三维绿量跨越层次较为丰富,灌木所占比例较大;生态公益林和道路林层次较为简单,灌木所占比例较小;生产经营林最为简单,三维绿量垂直跨越层次多为1层,三维绿量垂直分布峰值为5 m。     

烤烟优质适产高效益栽培实用模型的研究 Ⅰ.栽培因子与烟叶经济性状的关系

以烤烟品种K326为材料,采用五因素五水平正交旋转组合设计,大田试验,电脑优化,建立了烤烟优质适产高效益栽培实用模型.产量在2250～2625kg/ha适产范围的最佳农艺措施组合为:每公顷施氮200.79～204.72kg.P_2O_5185.90～193.93kg,K_2O316.88～357.30kg,单株留有效叶16片,移栽苗龄9叶1心.     

Potassium currents in Drosophila: different components affected by mutations of two genes

Electrophysiological analysis of the Drosophila behavioral mutants Eag and Sh and the double mutant Eag Sh indicates that the products of both genes take part in the control of potassium currents in the membranes of both nerve and muscle. In voltage-clamped larval muscle fibers, Sh affects the transient A current, whereas Eag reduces the delayed rectification and, to a lesser extent, the A current.     

苎麻无融合生殖诱导初步研究

苎麻为雌雄同株异位的异花授粉作物,种子小,数量大,繁殖系数高。到目前为止的新选品种均为杂合体,生产上不宜用种子繁殖,而无性繁殖速度慢、成本高、易带病虫,使新品种难以迅速在生产上推广应用。利用自交系间杂种优势,也因自交系难以纯合而困难较大。因此,诱导其...     

轴流泵装置运行工况对肘形进水流道水力性能的影响

为研究肘形进水流道的水力性能与泵装置运行工况的定量关系,采用CFD(Computational fluid dynamic)方法对轴流泵装置进行全流道的数值计算,在考虑了轴流泵与肘形进水流道内流相干条件下定量地分析了肘形进水流道水力特性各参数与泵装置运行工况的关系,并给出了相应的数学模型,对比了物理模型试验与数值预测结果的差异性。结果表明:在高效工况范围内,流道出口流场水流稳定性及均匀性均较好;在大流量工况时,流道出口流场水流稳定性及均匀性较差。流道出口流场的偏流角受泵装置运行工况的影响较小,极差为0.91°。肘形进水流道均化效率为99.215%,流道断面的均匀性主要受弯肘段几何边界条件的约束,在弯肘段时压能与动能的转换率较高,对于肘形进水流道结构尺寸设计及优化的关键在于弯肘段。     

基于ZigBee技术的农业设施测控系统的设计

为了提高农业设施群的自动化和信息化水平,研究了国内外农业设施测控系统的结构特点,以有线通信与无线通信相结合的方法,构建了结构相对灵活、价格相对便宜的农业设施测控网络系统。介绍了承载ZigBee技术的真正片上系统(SoC)——无线单片机CC2430的特征、优点和应用准则,重点阐述了基于无线网络通信技术ZigBee的农业设施测控系统的设计与实现方法以及运行效果。