2.25Cr-1Mo与铁铝合金高温抗氧化性能的对比研究

对2．25Cr-10钢与铁铝合金的高温抗氧化性能进行了对比研究。铁铝合金具有许多性能上的优点，尤其在其高温抗氧化性能方面。明显优于不锈钢、铬钼钢等传统的高温结构材料，并且随着温度的升高及铝含量的增加，其优势更加显著。     

农用车排气消声器设计研究

目前,噪声已成为举世公认的国际公害,被认为是主要环境污染之一;而环境噪声的一部分来源于机动车辆.为此,首先探讨了车用发动机噪声的产生机理,分析了降噪措施,然后针对农用车特点讨论抗性消声器的设计方法,最后运用此方法设计拖拉机4115T发动机的消声器.此设计方法简单,且可满足农用车的降噪要求,为今后农用车消声器的设计提供参考.     

高浓度城市污水处理正交试验研究

针对新疆石河子市城市污水CODcr高于1000mg／L的特点，采用SBR工艺进行处理试验，并用正交试验的方法对最佳工艺条件进行了探讨。试验表明，该工艺对高浓度城市污水有较好的处理效果。通过控制运行条件，可使出水各项指标分别满足污水综合排放标准和农业灌溉的要求。     

超级稻联合收获机具的探讨

每公顷产量10500kg超级杂交稻已经问世．超级杂交稻与现有水稻的特性差别很大，现有推广使用的联合收割机都不适应超级稻的收获，且穗头上方有大量直立叶片．半喂人机型根本无法适应，因此有必要尽早研究开发新型的联合收割机．以适应即将大面积推广的超级稻的收获。     

位山灌区渠系优化配水决策支持系

根据位山灌区位于黄河下游、引水含沙量高、测流断面变化大的特点，编制了位山灌区渠系优化配水决策支持系统，主要内容包括来水管理、需水管理、水情资料管理、实际配水统计、配水方案拟定和系统设置等，创新性地进行了多站水量平差计算。     

螺旋弯管内流动与传热特性的数值模拟

针对螺旋弯管内的流动与传热特性,以螺旋弯管传热试验中试验件模型为研究对象,基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型、第一类热边界条件下的薄壁热阻模型,对不同进口来流条件下,采用Fluent对螺旋弯管内水的流动与换热进行数值模拟.计算得到了螺旋弯管内速度场与温度场的分布,通过数值模拟结果与试验结果的比较,验证了数值模拟方法的正确性.结果表明:随着进口来流雷诺数的增大,螺旋弯管内的二次流迪恩涡核心向弯管管壁扩张;在螺旋弯管小曲率比、来流雷诺数2 280~6 000内,螺旋弯管的强化换热综合性能最佳;对模拟结果数据利用多元线性回归法,推导出螺旋弯管内换热努赛尔数、进出口压力降的准则关系式.研究结果可为螺旋管式换热器设计与优化提供一定的参考依据.     

东北地区农机化发展的措施与建议

农业机械化是农业现代化的基础和手段,没有农业机械化,就没有农业现代化.为此,针对东北地区农业机械化发展的现状和存在的主要问题,提出了东北地区农业机械化发展的措施与建议,旨在为农业现代化建设和新农村建设提供参考.     

Estrogen treatment enhances mesenteric lymphatic contractility in rats after hemorrhagic shock

AIM To investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol （E2） treatment on the mesenteric lymphatic microcirculation and isolated lymphatic contractility in rats after hemorrhagic shock, and to explore the relationship between contractility and the difference between intra- and extracellular calcium ion concentrations （［Ca²⁺］） of lymphatic smooth muscle cells （LSMCs）. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into sham group, shock group and shock+E2 group. The rats were subjected to hemorrhage ［（40±2） mmHg for 90 min］ and resuscitation with or without subcutaneous injection of E2 （2 mg/kg）. After resuscitation for 3 h, the mesenteric lymphatic microcirculation in vivo was observed. Moreover, the isolated mesenteric microlymphatic rings were prepared for the observations of lymphatic contractility evaluated by the indexes including end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, contraction frequency （CF） and passive diameter. Meanwhile, the difference between intra- and extracellular ［Ca²⁺］ of LSMCs was recorded during lymphatic contraction. RESULTS Treatment with E2 significantly enhanced the CF, total contractile fraction and lymphatic dynamics index in vivo in the rats after hemorrhagic shock, and increased the CF, the fractional pump flow and the difference between intra- and extracellular ［Ca²⁺］ of LSMCs in isolated lymphatics from the shocked rats （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Estrogen treatment enhances lymphatic contractility in rats after hemorrhagic shock, which is related to enhancement of difference between intra- and extracellular ［Ca²⁺］ of LSMCs.     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

土壤微生物量及养分对设施农业种植年限的响应

以辽宁省朝阳市喀左县公营子镇番茄种植大棚不同种植年限0～20 cm耕层土壤为研究对象,采用分年限取样法,取O、1、5、10、15、20年以上的土壤样本,利用熏蒸提取法和常规方法,研究不同种植年限大棚耕层土壤养分和微生物量的变化,以期为保证设施农业的可持续发展提供参考依据.结果 表明:随着种植年限增加,朝阳地区设施农业土壤随种植年限增加多数养分呈先上升后下降的趋势,土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)先增加后下降,在5年时达到峰值,比1年高17.3％;土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)则呈先下降后上升的趋势,峰值出现在20年,比1年高39.1％;土壤微生物量磷(SMBP)呈先下降后突然上升再下降的趋势,峰值出现在10年.朝阳地区设施土壤养分在种植过程中累积严重,应抓住5～10年的时间节点进行合理耕作.