Litterarische Berichte

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

International pesticide use information system for exporting vegetables and fruit

Abstract

An online information system was developed to allow US growers to search pesticide application information for export of vegetables and fruits. By entering an export country, a crop name, pesticide type, and post harvest interval, a user can obtain a list of pesticides labeled for the crop, the pesticides suitable for use with export, and the associated pesticide application restriction (PAR) information for each pesticide in the recommended list. A relational database (Microsoft SQL Server 2000) was used to house the PAR data, pesticide labels, and pesticide maximum residue limit information (MRL). These data were obtained from governmental agencies and international organizations. The data were then entered into the system using an online data entry system developed using ColdFusion programming language. The database currently contains the registration information for over 1,100 pesticides, 20,000 MRL data entries, and 20,000 PAR entries. New data are updated frequently. The project web site is http://cipm.ncsu.edu/exportMRL.     

Climbing Behaviour in Three African Rodent Species

The climbing ability and propensity of Thallomys paedidcus, Praomys natalensis and Saccostomus campestrls were studied in the laboratory. Thallomys was morphologically and psychologically best adapted to arboreal life, although Praomys had the highest climbing frequency, largely attributable to a greater exploratory tendency. All three species made use of the tail in a prehensile manner, and it was also used as a balancing organ by Thallomys and Praomys. These two species, but more noticeably Thallomys, made use of semi-opposable digits on the hind-feet whilst climbing. Only Thallomys scent-marked branches.     

Babesia peircei sp. nov. from the jackass penguin

An avian piroplasm, Babesia peircei sp. nov. is described from the jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus. Morphological differences between Babesia peircei sp. nov. and the other valid Babesia spp. are discussed together with the possible vectors.     

Lead isotopes in North American coals

Lead isotopes in North American coals are equally or much more radiogenic than those in the present continental crust (a mean composition for the continental crust is used). It is practicable to distinguish coal and gasoline lead pollutants by examining their isotopic compositions.     

Predicted and actual responses during long-term selection for chemical composition in maize

Selection for higher and lower levels of protein and oil content in maize has been conducted for 61 generations. Response to selection has been irregular, and prediction of response by extrapolation of regression trend lines proved seriously inaccurate in at least 9 of 12 predictions. Application of a selection response formula also yielded generally unsatisfactory predictions. Analysis of the morphological components of oil content led to very accurate prediction of response in the High Oil strain and to a reasonably satisfactory prediction in Low Oil. It was apparent that in the last 55 generations of selection, selection response for oil content was concentrated in two separate morphological characters — germ size in the high selection and oil content of the germ in selection for lower oil content. A satisfactory analysis of the character protein content could not be made from data available.Prepared as part of a research project while the author was a Fulbright senior research fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Köln-Vogelsang, Germany, March–July, 1961.     

The effect of tank colouration on survival, metamorphosis rate, growth and time to metamorphosis freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) rearing

Seedstock‐costs of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii can represent >50% of the total production costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture tank colouration on survival, metamorphosis rate, weight and time required to reach the postlarval (PL) stage. Newly hatched prawn larvae were stocked into eighteen 16‐L plastic culture tanks at a density of 30 L^?1. Tank colours evaluated were red, black, white, blue, green and yellow. Larval prawns were fed brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) nauplii and a supplemental diet. Data indicated that larval tank colour had no significant impact (P>0.05) on the final PL size or days required to reach PL stage. However, total survival was significantly higher (P<0.05) in red and green tanks (84% and 78% respectively) than in white and blue tanks (56% and 44% respectively). Survival in the yellow and black tanks (71% in both) was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the red, green or white treatments, but was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the blue treatment. This could have a significant financial impact on commercial hatchery, and growout production, as most larval tanks currently in use are blue or black.     

Unitizing and palletizing prepackaged round-red potatoes for shipment to market

Data were obtained during packaging operations in potato packinghouses, after shipment to market in highway trucks, during unloading at wholesale warehouses, and during marketing at retail stores. These data represent the performance of the packing methods and materials, the cost of labor and materials (excluding trucking) to the shipper, and the quality of the product when handled and shipped with three methods of unitizing and palletizing. The report summarizes the labor, materials, and depreciated special equipment costs/ 16, 330-kg truckload synthesized for three methods, each with two package sizes. The total cost of the strap/angleboard method was about 9%less than that of the paper-baler-bag method for packing and palletizing 2.27-kg consumer packages and about 20%less than that of the paper-baler-bag method for packing and palletizing 4.54-kg consumer packages. The corrugated-fiberboard master container method cost about 28%more than the paper-baler-bag method for packing and palletizing 2.27-kg consumer packages and about 31 %more than the paper-baler-bag method for packing and palletizing 4.54-kg consumer packages.