青海省英得尔种羊场种羊流产血清学调查

通过间接血凝试验(IHA)和虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT),对来自青海省英得尔种羊场的353份羊血清进行布鲁氏菌、弓形虫和衣原体三种主要疫病的血清抗体检测。结果表明,18.9%(33/174)的山羊血清和3.9%(7/179)的绵羊血清其衣原体抗体血清凝集效价≥1:16(++),被判为阳性;抗布鲁氏菌和弓形虫的血清抗体均未检测到。     

犬瘟热,猫细小病毒,犬腺病毒弱毒株的理化特性及生物学试验

以鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）、猫肾传代细胞（ＣＲＦＫ）、狗肾传代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ）从引进的疫苗中分别分离到犬瘟热ＣＤＶ－Ａ株、猫细小病毒ＦＰＶ株、犬腺病毒ＣＡＶ１株。对三个弱毒株的细胞病变规律,形态特征,病毒滴度,理化特性,核酸型,血清学交叉反应,本动物的安全性及免疫原性等内容进行了试验。鉴定结果表明,３个弱毒株均可作为制苗用毒种     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP1、VP2基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

将鸡传染性贫血病毒M9905株VP1、VP2基因分别或同时克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacDUAL中，然后转化到DHIOBAC感受态细胞中与Bacmid杆状病毒穿梭载体进行转座重组，最后将重组子转染Sf9昆虫细胞，得到分别或同时含VP1、VP2基因的重组杆状病毒rBacVP1、rBacVP2及rBacVP1—2。PCR扩增结果证实VP1、VP2基因重组到杆状病毒基因组中；SDS-PAGE电泳分析和间接免疫荧光试验结果表明VP1、VP2基因在重组病毒中得到了表达。     

Dietary supplementation with betaine or glycine improves the carcass trait,meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing mini-pigs

The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait, meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs. Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl derivative of glycine, but few researches were conducted to compare the impact of dietary betaine and glycine on pigs. One hundred and forty-four Huan Jiang mini-pigs (body weight = 10.55 ± 0.15 kg; 70 d) were randomly divided to 3 treatment groups (basal diet, glycine or betaine). Results indicated that dietary betaine increased the average daily gain (ADG) and final weight (P < 0.05). Dietary glycine or betaine markedly reduced average backfat thickness (P < 0.05) and heightened lean percentage (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, betaine significantly improved the redness (a∗) and tenderness (shear force) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05), whereas glycine only raised the value of a∗ of the LD muscle (P < 0.05). These results showed that diet supplemented with 0.25% betaine and equimolar amounts of glycine could regulate cascass trait and meat quality of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs, and the effect of betaine was superior to that of glycine.     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

鸡源乳酸杆菌培养环境的研究

本文以乳酸杆菌L-1、L-2为研究对象,以pH和OD600为筛选条件,筛选出乳酸杆菌L-2为优良菌株,并确定了密闭恒温静置为最佳培养方法。再以乳酸杆菌L-2为研究对象,采用正交设计的方法,确定乳酸杆菌L-2的较好环境培养条件为:温度37℃,接种量5%,pH6.0。     

2006年上半年蛋氨酸市场回顾与下半年展望

12006年上半年回顾2006年上半年禽流感疫情影响了整个国内饲料原料市场,对蛋氨酸的市场需求造成很大的压力。供应方面,上半年蛋氨酸除了1-2月之外,余下的几个月出现巨量进口蛋氨酸的现象,这里不排除有部分囤货的嫌疑。行情方面,面对禽流感带来的消费恐慌和需求下降的打压,国内蛋氨酸市场价格一路走弱,在3月末进口蛋氨酸价格达到底谷,比年初下跌了5.68%。之后,国际蛋氨酸厂家以限产及国际原油价格大幅提高为由,开始上调销售价格。4-5月虽面临巨量的进口数量,但价格仍维持坚挺。进入6月,在需求市场极度疲软的打压下,蛋氨酸坚挺之势有所下降。1…     

猪瘟病毒C株检测用国家核酸标准物质的研制

为研制均匀、稳定的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸标准物质,选择CSFV C株接种于PK-15细胞并收获病毒液,然后经过病毒灭活、分装、冻干,最终形成核酸标准物质。用微滴式数字PCR对制备的CSFV标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性评估、标准物质合作定值,在评定不确定度后计算得出最终量值结果,并开展临床试用。结果显示,该标准物质均匀,4 ℃条件下可稳定存放4周,25 ℃可稳定存放1周,-20 ℃可稳定存放11个月,量值结果为（5.1±0.7）×105 copies/mg;临床试用显示,所制备的标准物质与临床样本的互通性良好。本研究制备的CSFV C株国家核酸标准物质均一性良好、稳定、量值准确度高,并通过了全国标准物质管理委员会评定,可用于动物及动物产品质量安全检测,从而有效保障猪瘟防治工作的开展。     

不同栽培模式下青贮玉米的农艺性状

为探究不同的栽培模式对青贮玉米(Zea mays)农艺性状及产量形成的影响,选用新饲玉19号在(30+60)、(10+66)、(17+50)、(60+60)、(76+76)、(40+60)和(30+90)cm 7种行距栽培模式下对比研究。结果表明,(60+60)cm的栽培模式中青贮玉米株高、穗位高等农艺性状以及单株叶面积、倒四叶SPAD值和单株干鲜重均高于其他栽培模式,随着栽培行距的增加,青贮玉米冠层中下部透光率有所增加,(60+60)cm等行距栽培下青贮玉米冠层结构布局合理,生物量显著高于其他栽培模式(P=0.003)。不同的栽培模式中,随着行距的增加玉米农艺性状表现良好,(60+60)cm等行距栽培时有利于青贮玉米产量的形成。     

Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs

Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids (p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP‐4) (p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐CPT‐1) (p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.