Estimation of relationships between mineral concentration and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and beef palatability traits

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of beef LM nutrient components on beef palatability traits and evaluate the impact of USDA quality grade on beef palatability. Longissimus muscle samples from related Angus cattle (n = 1,737) were obtained and fabricated into steaks for trained sensory panel, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), lipid oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid, and mineral composition analysis. Pearson phenotypic correlations were obtained by the correlation procedure of SAS. Beef palatability data were analyzed by the GLM procedure of SAS with USDA quality grade as the main effect. Specific mineral concentrations did not demonstrate strong correlations with WBSF or sensory traits (r = -0.14 to 0.16). However, minerals appeared to have a stronger relationship with flavor; all minerals evaluated except Ca and Mn were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with beef flavor. Stearic acid (C18:0), C18:2, C20:4, and PUFA were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with all 3 panelist tenderness traits (r = -0.09 to -0.22) and were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with WBSF (r = 0.09 to 0.15). The MUFA were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with panelist tenderness ratings (r = 0.07 to 0.10) and negatively associated (P < 0.05) with WBSF (r = -0.11). The strongest correlations with juiciness were negative relationships (P < 0.05) with C18:2, C18:3, C20:4, and PUFA (r = -0.08 to -0.20). Correlations with beef flavor were weak, but the strongest was a positive relationship with MUFA (r = 0.13). Quality grade affected (P < 0.05) WBSF, TBARS, and all trained sensory panel traits, except livery/metallic flavor. As quality grade increased, steaks were more tender (P < 0.05), as evidenced by both WBSF and sensory panel tenderness ratings. Prime steaks were rated juiciest (P < 0.05) by panelists, whereas Select and Low Choice were similarly rated below Top Choice for sustained juiciness. Quality grade influenced (P < 0.05) beef flavor, but not in a linear fashion. Although there were significant correlations, these results indicate tenderness, juiciness, and flavor are not strongly influenced by individual nutrient components in beef LM. Furthermore, the positive linear relationships between USDA quality grade and beef palatability traits suggest quality grade is still one of the most valuable tools available to predict beef tenderness.     

α-半乳糖苷酶在饲料工业中的应用与基因工程研究进展

<正>我国饲料类型大多以玉米-豆粕型为主,其中原料大豆具有粗蛋白含量高、富含赖氨酸及氨基酸含量平衡等营养特点,是很好的蛋白质饲料来源。但豆粕及杂粕类饲料中α-半乳糖苷糖类含量也相对较高。α-半乳糖苷在饲料中是一种抗营养因子,简单的加工方法难以将其分解,当摄入之后,因微生物的厌氧发酵导致动物肠胃胀气、腹痛、肠鸣、腹泻等,不仅会导     

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 x 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease （P =0.] O） as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased （P 〈0.0]） when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased （P 〈0.01）. The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased （P 〈0.01） as the total dietary fiber increased.     

肉牛同期发情效果影响因素的研究

[目的]为了研究同期发情处理方法、繁殖状况、品种、体重等对肉牛同期发情效果的影响,[方法]选择140头不同繁殖状况、品种、体重的肉牛,随机分为3组,分别采用CIDR+第10天肌注PMSG+第11天肌注PGF_2α（埋栓Ⅰ组）、CIDR+第9天肌注PMSG+第11天肌注PGF_2α（埋栓Ⅱ组）、肌注PGF_2α+PMSG(PGF_2α组)的方法进行同期发情处理。[结果]3种不同处理方法相比,PGF_2α组发情率为87.10%,埋栓Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组母牛发情率分别为97.83%、98.41%,显著高于PGF_2α组（P<0.05）;PGF_2α组处理牛受胎率为83.87%,埋栓Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组处理牛受胎率分别为89.13%、84.13%,高于PGF_2α组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;育成牛与经产牛发情时间相比,埋栓组12～24 h内出现发情症状的经产牛占比为27.27%,育成牛占比为60%,显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）,2...     

科尔沁沙地典型沙丘植被光谱特性

采用Field Spec4(美国ASD)的便携式光谱仪对科尔沁5种典型沙丘植被的光谱曲线进行测量,并对其特征进行提取分析。结果表明,1)5种典型沙丘植被黄柳(Salix gordejevii)、冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)、麻黄(Herbal ephedrae)、差巴嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron)和小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)的光谱形态大致相同。根据原始光谱差异和多个光谱特征参数可以区分植被类型。"红边斜率"由高到低依次为冷蒿(0.99%)小叶锦鸡儿(0.68%)黄柳(0.59%)麻黄(0.58%)差巴嘎蒿(0.56%)。2)对差巴嘎蒿不同季节光谱反射率特性进行比较分析得知,随植被生长期推移,差巴嘎蒿呈现出"双峰"和"红移"现象,但该现象并不明显。由于研究区在7月份出现持续干旱,植被缺水严重,导致差巴嘎蒿的"红边位置"在7月6日出现微小浮动,显现两个"红边平台"。3)分析不同覆盖度下差巴嘎蒿的光谱特性,差巴嘎蒿的导数光谱呈现"双峰"特性,且当覆盖度大于40%时,"红边位置"与覆盖度并无直接联系,但"红边斜率"与覆盖度呈正比关系。对不同覆盖度下差巴嘎蒿光谱可见光波段的连续统去除,得到吸收深度随覆盖度的增加而增大,吸收峰面积随覆盖度的增加而减小,对覆盖度敏感性参数比较可知,研究该地区差巴嘎蒿覆盖度变化优先考虑吸收峰面积。因此,基于植被高光谱特性的分析,对于今后利用遥感监测沙丘植被长势、植被分类识别及反演植被覆盖度等的应用提供重要的参考价值。     

栽培防病措施对防治小麦白粉病的重要作用

为了解栽培措施对防治小麦白粉病的作用,通过不同栽培措施对病情产生不同影响的大量田间调查,明确了小麦早播、密播,过量水、肥条件下的旺苗和种植高度感病品种,都会加重小麦秋苗带菌量。短期播种、合理密植、视墒灌水、配方施肥、培育小麦壮苗及避免种植高感品种等均能减轻小麦秋苗带菌量。小麦秋苗带菌量大,则翌春病菌越冬菌源量也大。种植高感品种在田间有发病中心的作用。应把栽培防病措施规范化、科学化、制度化,以充分发     

铵类化合物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫存活的影响

在实验室内寄主体外测定了铵类化合物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫（Meloidogyne incognita J2）存活的影响。结果表明：供试的8种化合物在不同浓度下对南方根结线虫J2有不同程度的致死作用,并且随着浓度的升高致死效果均显著增加。其中NH4HCO3对J2作用最为敏感,浓度为0.025 mol/L（25 ℃,pH 7.95）时校正死亡率达53.5%,浓度达到0.05 mol/L（25 ℃,pH 8.20）时校正死亡率可达100%,而其他化合物只有在高浓度时致死效果才显现出来。致死浓度由低到高的顺序为：NH4HCO3＜(NH4)2SO4＜NH4CNS＜NH4NO3 ＜NH4H2PO4＜NH4Cl＜(NH4)3PO4&#8226;3H2O＜(NH4)2HPO4。同时测定了南方根结线虫J2的酸度适应范围是pH4.1~11.0。     

澳大利亚外来昆虫组成及区系

为明确澳大利亚外来昆虫物种组成及入侵区系,以在线数据库、公开发表文献以及图书等资料为数据源集成澳大利亚外来昆虫数据集,对其物种组成、原产地、空间分布、传入途径进行统计分析。结果显示,收集的澳大利亚外来昆虫数据集共包括382种,隶属于8目78科277属。鞘翅目昆虫的种类最多,有325种,其中象甲科昆虫最多,有74种,其次是隐翅甲科和叶甲科昆虫,分别有27种和20种。澳大利亚外来昆虫主要来源于亚洲,占外来昆虫原产地总记录频次的28.47%,其次是欧洲和非洲,占比分别为19.79%和16.32%。整体上来看,澳大利亚外来昆虫丰富度呈现东高西低的空间分布格局,密度呈现东南密西北疏的格局;从传入途径来看,无意传入的昆虫占91.89%,有意传入的昆虫占8.11%,且主要通过运输污染物和运输偷运物2种途径无意传入。基于澳大利亚外来昆虫现状,考虑我国在全球气候变化背景下面临的跨境生物入侵威胁,建议我国在外来物种入侵防控工作中加大口岸检疫监管力度,规范引种管理,同时加强防范入侵的宣传教育。     

咪鲜胺原药中微量2,4,6-三氯苯酚测定方法的研究

建立了高效液相色谱法测定咪鲜胺原药中微量2,4,6-三氯苯酚含量的方法。采用Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱,以甲醇/水(72/28 V/V)为流动相(每500mL流动相中含0.5g四丁基溴化铵),检测波长为296nm,2,4,6-三氯苯酚的质量浓度在0～871.2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,其线性相关系数为0.999 8;加标回收率为99.71%～102.02%,变异系数为1.14%,检出限为0.88μg/L。     

植物病原菌监测方法和技术

植物病原菌的监测对病害的预测和管理具有重要的意义,本文系统介绍了植物病原菌监测方法和技术的发展,以及现代分子生物学在病原菌监测中的应用研究。