Maize defence mechanisms against the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Maize is arguably the most widely grown crop in the world, but it is often associated with one of its major insect pests, the European corn borer (ECB). The damage caused by this species to maize production is generally variable, but in many cases it is economically significant. This review paper provides an overview of the research findings on the natural plant defence mechanisms against ECB larvae published till now. What is resistance and how it is achieved, what is the chemical response of maize plants to insect feeding and how tolerance can be increased. A short introduction in breeding for resistance and a discussion if the mentioned traits can be used in conventional breeding in order to create maize hybrids less affected by ECB are given.     

基于图像旋转投影的导航路径检测算

提出一种农业车辆视觉导航路径识别算法--旋转投影算法.该算法通过角度枚举对图像ROI实施旋转变换,由旋转后图像的列均值与枚举角度构成旋转投影矩阵R,对其行向量实施差分运算得到差分旋转投影矩阵Rd,由Rd的极值可确定图像导航路径,即航向偏差θ与航位偏差d,进而可以求得世界坐标系下的导航路径参数.同理可以对田头线进行检测.为了提高算法的实时性,提出设定合理的ROI、实施线性压缩、旋转角度先粗分再细分的二步法以及充分利用前帧信息4种处理方法,使处理一帧用时6.2ms左右.通过对不同条件下成熟小麦图像测试表明,该算法识别导航路径准确率达到95%.     

食用油反式脂肪酸傅里叶红外光谱重组检测技术

以食用油、反式脂肪酸标样及矿物精油为试验材料,采用傅里叶红外光谱重组(SR-FTIR)技术检测食用油中反式脂肪酸含量,并与标准红外分析方法(SB-ATR-FTIR法)进行比较.结果表明:SR-FTIR模型反式脂肪酸含量预测值与实际加入量高度线性相关,斜率为1.02,标准差小于0.05;SR-FTIR模型的灵敏度要比标准方法模型高20余倍.     

覆膜穴播施肥联合作业机械的研制

设计了一种适合膜上播种的双环带分种分肥穴播器,并采用该播种器研制了覆膜穴播施肥联合作业机械;同时发明了切膜机构、整平机构和覆土机构.通过大量的实验表明,覆膜穴播施肥联合作业机组工作稳定可靠,性能优良,是一款与新农艺相适应的机械化联合作业的机型.     

籽粒苋鲜茎叶蛋白质含量及叶蛋白提取效率研究

对Ｋ１１２、Ｒ１０４等８个籽粒苋品种分不同时期进行了鲜茎叶蛋白含量分析和叶蛋白提取试验研究。结果表明,籽粒苋属于高蛋白质含量作物,全生育期叶蛋白含量平均达２８．７６％,采穗后茎叶平均蛋白质含量仍可达１１．１５％,其最佳利用时期为现蕾期至开花期,其中Ｒ１０４、Ｒ１０１１、Ｋ５７４蛋白质含量较高。     

选育甘蓝型春油菜波里马不育胞质三系杂种的研究

在青海春油菜生态区的田间试验结果表明,长江中游的单,双低半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种资源,绝大部分能正常生长适时成熟,这些品种资源与波里马细胞质雄性不育材料测交和连续回交,大部分半冬性品种的回交后彻底不育,而春性品种的后代出现微粉。半冬性品种转有的不育系或恢复系与春性品种转育的恢复纱或不育系配制的杂种优势明显。今后春油菜区在马不育胞质三系杂种的选育,应用长江中游双低半冬性品种（系）转育的不育系与加拿大和欧     

西藏地区青稞籽粒营养品质分析及评价

为探明西藏地区青稞品种间的性状差异及性状间的相关性,筛选优异品质青稞种质,以251个西藏青稞种质资源为材料,测定了籽粒淀粉、粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、大量元素（Ca、P）、微量元素（Fe、Zn、Se）含量共9个品质指标,分析了被测指标间关系。结果表明,所测定的9项品质指标在供试种质资源间均存在不同程度的差异,淀粉含量的变异系数最小,Se含量的变异系数最大;粗蛋白与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关（r= -0.54）,粗蛋白与γ-氨基丁酸、Ca、P、Zn、Fe含量均呈极显著正相关。对被测指标进行主成分分析发现,可将9项品质指标简化成3个主成分,其累积方差贡献率为74.5%,其中第一主成分因子的贡献率达到了 48.0%,第一主成分中因子载荷量大的品质指标是Zn、P、Ca、粗蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、淀粉、Fe含量。综合评价筛选出10个营养品质较高的种质,分别为BJX152、BJX008、BJX149、BJX004、BJX003、BJX015、BJX005、藏青2000、BJX227、喜马拉22号。     

大菱鲆寄生虫性疾病

大菱鲆现已成为包括西班牙、法国、挪威、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、英国、智利和中国在内的世界许多国家重要海水养殖鱼类（杜佳垠,2001）。仅西班牙近年大菱鲆养殖产量即高达4600t（Toranzo et a1．,2004）。     

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

The availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where ¹⁵N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292?336 mg N g^?1 roots or 3.2?4.0 mg N m^?1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132?213 mg N g^?1 roots or 0.93?1.6 mg N m^?1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars.     

基于IPCC排放因子法估算碳足迹的京津冀生态补偿量化

构建合理的生态补偿量化标准关系着京津冀区域的健康发展。采用IPCC排放因子法计算京津冀地区2006-2015年的碳足迹,结果表明:10 a间京津冀地区碳足迹变化趋势分为2个阶段,2006到2013呈现快速增长趋势,年增长率约为8.5%,2013年之后基本保持不变;考虑森林、草地、农用地的固碳能力的前提下,测算了京津冀地区2006-2015年的碳承载力,结果表明:2009年京津冀地区的碳承载力有明显增高,之后基本保持平稳,略有提升;为了对比不同区域内(人口和区域面积)碳赤字对生态的影响,提出了碳赤字敏感度,进而利用碳赤字敏感度构建了生态补偿因子的概念,并据此确定京津冀三区生态补偿的量化标准,结果表明:河北和北京每年都应得到天津支付的一定额度的生态补偿,其中河北2012年应获得补偿最多(161亿元),北京2013年最多(61.5亿元)。研究结果对加快建立完善的京津冀横向生态补偿机制有参考意义。