刺槐外斑尺蛾的初步研究

对刺槐外斑尺蛾的分布、危害、形态特征,生活习性等作了全面的记述,并提出了有效的防治方法.     

飞轮转动惯量的动态设计

目前国内一些《机械原理》教材关于飞轮转动惯量的设计计算均是一定假设条件下的静态计算。文中提出了一种新的飞轮转动惯量的计算方法：动态计算法，并对其特点和结果进行了分析。     

玉米群体冠层内光和CO2分布特性的初步研究

为了探明玉米冠层内微环境的动态变化及其对光合特性的影响,用便携式红外气体分析仪和光量子探头分别测定玉米冠层内CO2浓度和光的分布.结果表明3种株型玉米品种冠层内光量子密度的日变化呈早晚低、中午高的单峰曲线变化.冠层内光量子密度的分布为上层叶>中层叶>下层叶.高产群体穗位叶透光率大于25%,截光率在95%以上.冠层内CO2浓度的日变化呈"W”型,早晚高,上午、下午低,中午稍有一定回升.冠层内CO2浓度变化为下层叶>上层叶>中层叶.高产群体中上层CO2浓度较接近,一般为320～330     

不同温度下喷施宝对花生萌芽及幼苗生长的效应

针对花生萌芽及幼苗生长受温度逆境条件制约的生产现实问题，研究了不同温度下不同浓度的喷施宝溶液浸种对花生萌芽及幼苗生长的效应。表明在温度胁迫条件下喷施宝能提高萌芽率和促进胚根生长，其中1000mg/L浓度处理促萌最明显，300mg/L处理对胚根长度、直径增加最显著。经喷施宝处理的种子出苗后幼苗株同较矮，分枝数和地上部质量增加，叶片叶绿素、蛋白质和可溶性糖含量提高，叶片硝酸还原酶活性提高。幼苗根系活力提高，主根长度、直径、侧根数和地下部质量增加，以300－500mg/L的效果为佳；根瘤菌个数和鲜质量也有所增加，以100－300mg/L的效果为好。     

马铃薯种间体细胞杂种植株的形态学和农艺性状观察

对马铃薯双单倍体品系81－15和南美二倍体栽培种Solanumphureja原生质体融合获得的8块愈伤组织再生的15个株系、81－15和二倍体野生种S．chacoense原生质体融合获得的3块愈伤组织再生的10个株系的形态学特征和农艺性状进行了观察。结果表明，杂种植株的多数形态学特征和农艺性状，如分枝型、茎色、叶色、叶形、茎和茎叶绒毛、薯块皮色等呈现双亲的中间型，部分性状，如株型、花色等表现为偏亲性状。杂种植株与其双亲相比，生活力强，生长旺盛，叶片宽，块茎大。     

Effects of microclimate on soil bacterial communities across two contrasting timberline ecotones in southeast Tibet

The Sergyemla Mountains have unique timberline patterns. Abies georgei var. smithii (Viguie & Gaussen) and Juniperus saltuaria (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) dominate the north‐facing and south‐facing slopes of a U‐shaped valley, respectively. Although these two timberlines represent the world's highest natural tree lines, little is known about the structure of their soil bacterial communities and the factors that control them. To characterize and compare the soil bacterial communities of two timberline ecotones with different spatial orientations, we investigated their structures by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing methods. We found that the structures of the soil bacterial communities differed significantly between the two opposite slopes, and the difference between the bacterial communities correlated primarily with soil carbon:nitrogen ratios. This probably relates to differences in the microclimate (mean soil temperature) between the two aspects in the world's highest timberline ecotones. In addition, the structures of soil bacterial communities also differed significantly with soil depth, and total nitrogen content had the greatest effect on the bacterial communities. In this region, soil temperature rather than mean annual precipitation has a major effect on the structures of soil bacterial communities. Microclimate differences (mainly differences in soil temperature) between the two opposite slopes might indicate that an amplitude increase of 2°C in soil temperature could change the structures of soil bacterial communities by changing the status of soil carbon and nitrogen in these timberline ecotones.     

Variation of carbon partitioning in newly expanded maize leaves and plant adaptive growth under extended darkness

Plants must maintain a balance between their carbon(C) supply and utilization during the day–night cycle for continuous growth since C starvation often causes irreversible damage to crop production. It is not well known how C fixation and allocation in the leaves of crops such as maize adapt to sudden environmental changes. Here, to quantify primary C fixation and partitioning in photosynthetic maize leaves under extended darkness and to relate these factors to plant growth, maize seedlings were subjected to extended darkness(ED) for three successive days at the 6 th leaf fully expanded stage(V6). ED reduced plant growth and leaf chlorophyll levels but not the rate of net CO_2 exchange. As a result of the reduction in photoassimilates, the accumulation of starch and total soluble carbohydrates(TSC) in mature leaves also decreased under ED. However, the percentage of the daily C fixation reserved in mature leaves increased. These transient C pools were largely composed of TSC and were mainly used for consumption by increased nocturnal respiration rather than for transport. As the days went on, both the amount of C accumulated and the percentage of the daily fixed C that was reserved in leaves decreased, which could be largely accounted for by the attenuated starch synthesis in all treatments. The activities of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase decreased significantly over time. Therefore, this study concluded that both starch and TSC are involved in the coordination of the C supply and plant growth under a sudden C shortage but that they may be involved in different ways. While the ratio of reserved C to daily fixed C increased to maintain blade function under acute C starvation, both the amount and the proportion of C reserved in mature leaves decreased as plant growth continued in order to meet the growth demands of the plant.     

铝胁迫下DL-异柠檬酸-γ-内酯难杉木根系分泌氨基酸的影响

采用正交回归旋转试验设计进行1年生杉木幼苗水培试验，通过数学建模分析不同试验条件（pH值、活性Al浓度、DL-异柠檬酸-γ-内酯浓度及营养浓度）对杉木根系分泌物中氨基酸含量理论值的影响。方差分析结果显示，在活性Al胁迫15d、30d时，培养液总氨基酸浓度不仅受到活性铝浓度线性正相关和非线性负相关的影响，而且还受到其与营养液浓度交互作用正相关以及DL-异柠檬酸-γ-内酯和营养液浓度交互作用负相关的影响。在铝胁迫45d时，培养液氨基酸浓度除前期的影响因素外，同时还受到DL-异柠檬酸-γ-内酯的非线性负相关作用的影响。而在3个不同的铝胁迫时期，pH值对杉木幼苗根系分泌总氨基酸浓度的影响均不显著。从总氨基酸浓度理论值的变化曲线可知，培养液总氨基酸浓度总体上随着活性Al浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长呈上升趋势；随着DL-异柠檬酸-γ-内酯的浓度的增加总体上呈下降趋势，但在不同铝胁迫时期影响作用不同；在pH值、活性Al浓度以及DL-异柠檬酸-γ-内酯浓度一定时，培养液总氨基酸浓度随营养液浓度的增大而略微下降。     

回头岸礁区4 种造礁珊瑚中可培养细菌的多样性

采用稀释涂布平板法,分离三亚鹿回头岸礁区4种造礁珊瑚及其周围海水中的细菌,并基于16S r RNA基因序列进行了系统发育分析,从而探讨造礁珊瑚中可培养细菌的物种多样性。从澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)、鹿角珊瑚(Acropora sp.)、盔形珊瑚(Galaxea sp.)、扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra sp.)样品中分别分离获得细菌60、61、54、20株,从珊瑚周边海水中分离获得细菌31株。16S r RNA基因序列分析表明,珊瑚来源的细菌分布于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。在属级水平上对4种珊瑚及海水来源细菌群落组成分析,发现在4种珊瑚中均有分布的属有3个,为Brachybacterium、Microbacterium和Ruegeria,珊瑚来源细菌类群有一定差异。同时发现4种珊瑚来源细菌与海水来源细菌类群差异较大。在分离的菌株中,有7株菌与已有效描述的细菌物种典型菌株的全长16S r RNA基因相似性低于97%,代表着潜在新属或新种。试验结果表明,三亚鹿回头岸礁区珊瑚中存在较为丰富的细菌多样性,并潜藏较多的新物种资源。     

安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交及其效果研究

［目的］为了进一步优化牦牛肉品质,有效缩短牦牛养殖周期,提高其受胎率和犊牛成活率。［方法］本研究进行了安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交试验,,利用安格斯肉牛冷冻精液,对251头经产母牦牛进行了人工授精。［结果］人工授精后,分别于2013年产犊42头,成活率66.67%;2014年产犊51头,成活率95.7%;2015年产犊67头,成活率91.04%。［结论］牦牛膘情较好时期,受胎率可达83.33%,接近于奶牛人工授精的受胎率,达到了青海省牦牛人工授精的较高水平。