Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,creatine metabolism and plasma amino acid profile in broilers

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, creatine deposition and blood amino acid (AA) profile on broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, a total of 540 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broilers (average initial body weight, 45.23 ± 0.35 g) were divided randomly into five treatments with six replicates of 18 chicks each. Broilers were fed corn–soybean meal‐basal diets supplemented with 0, 600, 800, 1,000 or 1,200 mg/kg GAA for 42 days respectively. Results showed that dietary GAA inclusion increased average daily gain (ADG) and improved gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F) from 1 to 42 days (p < 0.01). However, average daily feed intake was unaffected by dietary supplementation of GAA. As GAA inclusion increased, the contents of creatine in plasma and kidney were increased (linear, p < 0.01), while the contents of GAA and creatine in liver were decreased (linear, p < 0.01). Similarly, GAA supplementation was inversely related to concentrations of most essential AA in plasma. In Exp. 2, a total of 432 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broilers (average initial body weight, 39.78 ± 0.58 g) were divided randomly into four treatments with six replicates of 18 chicks each. Birds were fed a corn–soybean meal‐basal diet supplemented with 0, 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg GAA for 42 days respectively. Dietary inclusion of 600 mg/kg GAA significantly increased ADG and G:F of broilers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 600–1,200 mg/kg GAA can effectively improve the growth performance in broiler chickens by affecting creatine metabolism and utilization efficiency of essential AA, and 600 mg/kg GAA is the minimum dose for improving performance.     

聊城市不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力影响的研究

本文利用聊城市2007年和2008年的土壤样本测试数据进行单因素方差分析和均值多重比较,初步研究了不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响,结果表明：（1）土地利用方式对土壤养分有显著或极显著的影响,其影响程度由大到小依次为全氮>有机质>全磷,而对土壤pH值的影响并不显著。（2）土壤有机质和全氮在不同土地利用方式之间存在着显著性差异,其含量由高到低的顺序是：农耕地﹥林地﹥荒地﹥农林（果）间作地。（3）土壤全磷含量受土地利用方式的影响相对较小,相对而言,林地中的土壤全磷含量最高,农耕地和荒地次之,农林（果）间作地的土壤全磷含量最低。（4）土壤pH值在不同土地利用方式下的变化不显著,基本都呈碱性或弱碱性,其中以农耕地的碱性最大。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测转基因玉米NK603结构特异基因的测量不确定度研究

应用四川省农业科学院分析测试中心实验室建立的转基因玉米NK603结构特异实时定量PCR方法测定含量为2％的转基因玉米NK603样品中结构特异片段的含量,并从扩增反应、数据处理以及微量移液器等不确定度来源,评定了测量的不确定度.结果表明,uA =0.0003,uB=0.001,uC=0.001,U95 =0.002,测量结果为1.6％±0.002％.NK603结构特异实时定量PCR方法检测结果的主要不确定度来自检验过程中的随机效应.     

华北平原不同种植制度对粮食作物氮素利用和土壤氮库的影响

冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟是华北平原粮食作物的主要种植制度,存在氮肥利用率低、土壤氮素过量累积问题。为探索华北平原氮素高效利用的适宜种植制度,采用15N示踪技术,基于3 a田间定位试验,对一年两熟冬小麦-夏玉米的常规水氮和优化水氮、两年三熟冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米与冬小麦-夏大豆-春玉米及一年一熟春玉米3种种植制度的作物产量、15N利用率、氮素去向和土壤氮库表观平衡进行研究。结果表明,两年三熟的冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米产量为32 248.52 kg/hm2,分别比一年两熟和一年一熟提高22.16%和52.88%;15N利用率为33.36%,比一年一熟提高26.12%。3种种植制度的氮肥去向最高为土壤残留,其次为作物吸收和损失,两年三熟冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米的作物吸氮量最高为151.82 kg/hm2,土壤氮库表观盈余量为21.22 kg/hm2,显著低于其他种植制度。综合分析,冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米两年三熟在稳产高产和提高氮素利用率上具有可持续的潜力,是华北平原未来较为理想的种植制度。     

玉米pTAC2影响苗期叶片叶绿素合成的转录组分析

【目的】叶绿素是参与光合途径最为重要的光合色素。叶绿体的发育及叶绿素的合成在很大程度上依赖于质体基因组与核基因组之间的双向信号传导来精确协调基因表达。通过对白化表型的CRISPR/Cas9-ZmpTAC2转基因阳性纯合突变材料进行RNA-seq研究,筛选和鉴定参与叶绿素合成的相关基因,为明确叶绿素的合成途径奠定基础。【方法】以CRISPR/Cas9-ZmpTAC2玉米转基因编辑纯合突变株系为研究材料,使用透射电镜观察叶绿体超微结构和分光光度法测定叶片叶绿素含量,确定叶绿体发育状态及叶绿素合成情况。对转基因阴性材料(CK)和CRISPR/Cas9-ZmpTAC2转基因纯合编辑材料(zmptac2)苗期叶片取样进行转录组测序。通过生物信息学分析,寻找CK与zmptac2间差异表达的基因;qRT-PCR对差异表达基因进行验证。通过酵母双杂交筛选与玉米pTAC2互作的蛋白质。【结果】共获得15株T0转基因植株,包括绿色植株(7株)和白色植株(8株)。绿色幼苗中3株为转基因阴性材料,4株为转基因阳性(2株为未编辑,2株为杂合编辑突变),白色植株(8株)均为转基因阳性纯合编辑。与CK相比,突变体(...     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的研究与应用

固定化微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术。对微生物固定化方法进行了分类,并对其性能作了比较。综述了固定化微生物方法在各类废水处理中的国内外研究现状,并针对相关问题提出了今后的研究和发展方向。     

Effects of different arginine/lysine level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Given the universal presence of antagonism between arginine and lysine, determining the optimal dietary arginine/lysine level is of great importance. In this study, eight diets were formulated to contain different arginine/lysine level, followed by a 9‐week feeding trial with shrimps of 2.10 ± 0.01 cm in length and 0.38 ± 0.02 g in weight to determine the effect of dietary arginine/lysine level on growth performance, body composition and enzyme activity. The results showed that the Diet 6 (arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg) group had significantly higher weight gain rate, and specific growth rate than the control group and most of the other groups (p < .05) did. Similarly, the retention efficiency of arginine and lysine in the Diet 6 group was significantly higher than the control group and most of the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, most digestive enzymes had higher activity levels in the Diet 6 group, and evident antagonism between dietary arginine and lysine was detected. In summary, dietary arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg produced the best growth performance, suggesting that a better growth performance in Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture can be obtained by adjusting the dietary arginine/lysine level.     

5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)- 1,2-isoxazoline as a useful rice herbicide

5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline derivative was synthesized, and its herbicidal activity was assessed under glasshouse and flooded paddy conditions. 5-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline demonstrated good rice selectivity and potent herbicidal activity against annual weeds at 125 g of a.i. ha(-1) under greenhouse conditions. Soil application of this compound showed complete control of barnyard-grass to the fourth leaf stage at 250 g of a.i. ha(-1). Field trials indicated that this compound controlled annual weeds rapidly with a good tolerance on transplanted rice seedlings by post-emergence and soil application. This compound showed a low mammalian and environmental toxicity in various toxicological tests.     

渭北旱塬长期施肥试验中氨氧化细菌的多样性及群落结构分析

以中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站23 a长期施肥定位试验的土壤样品为研究对象,通过构建氨氧化细菌的amoA基因克隆文库,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了裸地（LD）、种植不施肥（CK）、单施氮肥（N）、单施磷肥（P）和氮磷共施（NP）这5个处理条件下土壤中氨氧化细菌的多样性及其群落结构。结果表明,N处理的土壤中氨氧化细菌的Shannon-Wiene（rH′）和Margalef（dM）a指数均最高,其次是CK、NP、P,而LD处理中最低,表明长期单施氮肥后增加了土壤中氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰富度,长期种植作物后也同样会增加土壤中氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰富度,但单施磷肥和氮磷共施后土壤中氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰富度都有所降低。基于amoA基因建立的系统进化树显示,所有来自于各处理条件下土壤中氨氧化细菌的优势种群都是属于Nitrosospira和Nitrosospira-like,与Nitrosospira cluster 3聚为一组,但优势菌种在克隆文库中所占的比例不同,表明不同的施肥处理下土壤中氨氧化细菌的群落结构发生了改变。     

洪水损毁农田修复管理——以北京市房山区为例

暴雨洪涝灾害对农田的损毁危害严重,不仅挤占了大量人力物力财力,也影响耕地1.2亿hm2（18亿亩）红线,严重威胁我国的粮食安全。该文分析了洪水对农田的致灾因素,总结了洪水损毁农田修复技术方案,提出了3阶段7步骤的洪水损毁农田修复管理模式,并以北京市房山区为例开展实证研究。为土地管理、农业、水利等业务相关部门执行修复决策,提供了理论依据和适用的政策工具包。