During meiosis, two chromosome segregation phases follow a single round of DNA replication. We identified factors required to establish this specialized cell cycle by examining meiotic chromosome segregation in a collection of yeast strains lacking all nonessential genes. This analysis revealed Sgo1, Chl4, and Iml3 to be important for retaining centromeric cohesin until the onset of anaphase II. Consistent with this role, Sgo1 localizes to centromeric regions but dissociates at the onset of anaphase II. The screen described here provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes required for the meiotic cell cycle and identifies three factors important for the stepwise loss of sister chromatid cohesion. 相似文献
Many attempts/efforts have been made to cope with the fluctuated production performance in rice production in Malaysia. There is a crucial need in technological advancement to tackle the issue of environmental variability, decreasing productivity and the rising cost in rice cultivation. The use of variable rate technology has increased rice yield through efficient resource allocation. Notwithstanding, an evaluation of the feasibility of this technology is required in terms of economic and intangible benefits. Therefore, this study attempted to determine the potential benefits that could come out of the use of precision agriculture technologies in rice cultivation. A precision farming technology package was developed by the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute. It consists of two components, namely a variable rate seed application system and a variable rate fertilizer application system. The study estimated the monetary benefits gained from the use of these two technology components at Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority Seberang Perak. The study also compared the performance of the technology package against the conventional practice. The Cost–Benefit Analysis exercise has been implemented to show the benefits and implications comprised in the study. It was found that there is an additional net income per hectare in between Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) 1109 to MYR 1333 due to the reduction in the production cost if the precision farming technology packages were adopted. The advancement in two cultivation stages showed a positive impact monetarily for both small-scale and large-scale farmers in the study. However, many challenges are to be faced for the technologies implementation since the existing rice cultivation recommended practices throughout all stages even yet to be practiced and taken seriously.
Surfaces of raw wool fibers possess high amounts of greasy substances that need to be removed prior to further processing. Acidic lipases using Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 2618) were produced with the optimum activity levels closer to the room temperature. Scouring of wool fibers using mesophile acidic lipase has been attempted, in the present work, as an alternative to the existing alkaline treatment and the samples were assessed in terms of weight loss, moisture regain, tenacity, elongation, surface appearance, and friction of the fibers. The lipase scoured wool fibers showed moisture regain and weight loss values comparable to that of alkaline treatment, with lower static and dynamic frictional coefficients. Higher tenacity and elongation values were observed in the lipase scoured fibers compared to the alkaline scoured samples and clear appearance of the surface, compared to the raw wool fibers, was also observed in the lipase scoured samples. 相似文献
Drying of leaf protein concentrate (LPC) in either a cabinet dehydrator or in a steam heated drum drier adversely affected extractability of lipids and availability of essential amino acids. Extraction of heated protein with chloroform: methanol mixture or acetone improved availability of amino acids. The amount of available essential amino acids in the freeze dried LPC was also increased by solvent extraction. 相似文献
Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) fortified dishes were compared with isoproteinous and isocaloric amounts of milk for the supplementation of the normal diets of the children of a local slum: 40 children were fed LPC-fortified dishes as a supplement and 40 other children were fed milk as a supplement; 20 children who were not given any supplements served as a control group. Data on increases in height and weight and on haemoglobin and red blood cell status confirmed that the LPC-fortified dishes were comparable to milk as a supplement to provide protein, minerals and vitamins to nutritionally inadequate local diets. 相似文献
The objective of this research was to ascertain the effects of soaking black grams (Cultivar AARI-5732)in different salt solutions at different temperatures and different timeperiods, and different methods of cooking on the tannin content and proteindigestibility. Tannin content of black grams was reduced to variousextents by soaking at 30° and 100 °C for different timeperiods. However, soaking at 100 °C increased the rate ofextraction and reduced the extraction time of tannins. Soaking black gramsin water at 100 °C reduced tannins by 22.14% in 45 minuteswhereas about 2.5 times more tannin was reduced after soaking in sodiumbicarbonate solution with or without sodium chloride. Maximumimprovement in protein digestibility was also observed after soaking blackgrams in sodium bicarbonate solution. Tannin contents were furtherreduced along with improvement in protein digestibility as a result ofcooking. 相似文献
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), or cluster bean, traditionally grown for vegetable and fodder, has gained commercial importance across the globe... 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: To assess intestinal mucosal function by measuring permeability and absorptive capacity in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) before and after treatment and to determine whether those variables were correlated with clinical disease activity or histologic scoring of intestinal biopsy specimens. ANIMALS: 29 dogs with CE. PROCEDURE: Dogs were designated as having dietresponsive CE or CE requiring glucorticoid treatment. Severity of clinical signs was assessed by calculating the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI). Histologic severity of intestinal infiltration was assessed before and after 4 weeks of treatment in the diet-responsive group and before and after 10 weeks of treatment in the glucocorticoid group. Gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were assessed by use of intragastric administration of a solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, 3-O-methylglucose, and sucrose. Urine was collected 6 hours after administration of the sugar solution to determine urinary lactulose-to-rhamnose (L:R), xylose-to-methylglucose (X:M), and sucrose-to-methylglucose (S:M) ratios. RESULTS: Median CIBDAI scores decreased significantly in both groups of dogs after treatment. However, the median histologic grade of intestinal biopsy specimens did not change with treatment in either group. There were no significant differences in L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios after treatment in either group and no significant correlations between L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios and CIBDAI or histologic scores. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of tests for intestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were not useful indicators of clinical disease activity as assessed by the CIBDAI or the sever ity of infiltration as indicated by histologic evaluation. 相似文献
Limitations on the acceptable proportion (incidence) of pods with white mould may lead to the rejection of entire fields of processing snap bean. The low tolerances (no more than 2% to 6% of pods with white mould) are difficult to estimate with sufficient precision in the field when time is limited. These constraints motivated this study of white mould across three spatial hierarchical levels: pods, plants and quadrats consisting of two adjacent plants within rows. Hierarchical relationships are required when designing formal rules for estimating the incidence of pods with white mould from units higher in the spatial hierarchy. Disease assessments were made on all pods from 38 within‐row transects of 40 plants each of the snap bean cultivar Hystyle. Using probability‐based principles, equations were derived and fitted to data on the incidence of white mould on pods (ipod), plants (ipad) and quadrats (iq(2)), which led to a function directly linking ipod to iq(2). The variance of ipod increased with iq(2), but that may be of little consequence at the lower values of iq(2) likely to be associated with ipod values at processor‐set tolerances. For example, at iq(2) = 0.1 there was a 92% probability that ipod was less than 0.02. Assessing iq(2) may be more efficient than directly estimating ipod because iq(2) was about an order of magnitude higher than ipod. Results suggest it may be feasible to design sampling plans for estimating the proportion of pods with white mould from an assessment of the proportion of diseased quadrats. 相似文献