水貂阿留申病毒环介导等温扩增（LAMP）检测方法的建立

为建立一种简便、快速、特异的水貂阿留申病毒（ADV）检测方法,根据GenBank中已登录的ADV基因组序列,选择水貂阿留申病毒VP2基因作为靶基因,设计并合成5套环介导等温扩增（LAMP）反应所需的引物,通过试验筛选出最佳引物,并进行最佳引物的特异性及敏感性试验,建立了LAMP快速检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法比普通PCR方法灵敏性高10倍,与其他的水貂源病毒不发生非特异性反应,并且具有良好的重复性。利用建立的LAMP检测方法对30份临床样品的阳性检出率为6.7%。该方法简便快速,为水貂阿留申病的检测提供了新的发展方向,有望成为简易的常规检测手段,尤其适用于基层应用。     

乌鳢的常见疾病

乌鳢 (Ｃｈａｎｎａａｒｇｕｓｃａｎｔｏｒ)经济价值较高 ,其养殖规模正日益扩大。本文通过文献和笔者自己的研究 ,阐述已知的乌鳢多发病的病因、病原、症状和防治方法。1　乌鳢败血病雷爱莹等认为该病为嗜水气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌感染所致。前者在普通营养琼脂培养基上2 4ｈ形成边缘整齐 ,表面湿润 ,质地粘稠 ,微凸 ,半透明的圆形菌落 ,其菌体为革兰氏阴性、能运动的短杆菌。豚鼠气单胞菌在普通营养琼脂培养基上 2 4ｈ形成圆形、湿润、表面光滑、边缘整齐、微凸、乳白色的菌落 ,亦为革兰氏阴性能运动的短杆菌。两菌株与氧化酶、过氧化酶…     

Formation of the density profile and its effects on the properties of fiberboard

Two main types of fiberboards were produced using lauan (Shorea spp.) fibers with an isocyanate resin as the binder; fiberboard with a flat, homogeneous (homoprofile), and typical U-shaped (conventional) density profile along the board thickness. The processing parameters included manipulation of mat moisture content distribution, press closing speed, and hot pressing method. The results are summarized as follows: (1) A larger variation was observed in the peak density (PD) and core density (CD) of fiberboards at 0.5g/cm³ mean density (MD) level than in those at 0.7 g/cm³. Generally, PD showed a greater variation than CD, irrespective of MD level. (2) Boards produced using two-step hot pressing recorded substantially higher PD with reduced CD. (3) Multiple regression analysis showed that CD and PD could be calculated based on the other profile defining factors, and a rough estimation for peak distance and gradient factor was possible. (4) Based on static bending, conventional fiberboard had a higher modulus of rupture (MOR) than the homo-profile board but a similar modulus of elasticity (MOE). (5) At 0.5 g/cm³ the MOR and dynamic MOE of fiberboard increased by up to 67% and 62%, respectively, when the PD increased from 0.5 to 1.07 g/cm³. Similarly, an increase of PD from 0.7 to 1.1 g/cm³ resulted in corresponding increases of 55% and 34% in the MOR and dynamic MOE of 0.7 g/cm³ boards. (6) The internal bond strength and screw withdrawal resistance were almost entirely dependent on the CD and MD, respectively. (7) Homo-profile fiberboards registered higher thickness swelling and water absorption than conventional fiberboards throughout the dry/wet conditioning cycle.     

Mapping and validation of the quantitative trait loci for leaf stay‐green‐associated parameters in maize

Functional stay‐green is generally regarded as a desirable trait of varieties in major crops including maize. In this study, we used an F_3:4 recombinant inbred line population with 165 lines from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Zheng58) and a model inbred line (B73) using 211 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to map quantitative trait loci for three stay‐green‐associated parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and stay‐green area, at maturity stage, detected a total of 23 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine chromosomes. Single QTL explained 3.7–13.5% of the phenotypic variance. Additionally, we validated some important stay‐green QTL using a heterogeneous inbred family approach and found that the stay‐green‐associated parameters were significantly correlated with the plant yield. This study may contribute to a better insight into the regulatory mechanism behind leaf stay‐green in maize and a novel development of elite maize varieties with delayed leaf senescence through molecular marker‐assisted selection.     

冬小麦杂种后代灌浆速度的研究

为了研究冬小麦杂种后代灌浆速度遗传规律,我们从三个角度,十五种双亲灌速组合类型,分析了灌浆速度的遗传特点和遗传参数、不同双亲灌速组合类型对后代灌速的影响及其亲子关系密切程度;同时还对灌速进行了通径分析.结果表明,灌速为数量性状、不完全显性,呈现细胞核遗传和明显的“倾快”现象.后代灌速受双亲灌速共同作用,其中快亲起主导作用,慢亲也有一定的制约作用.双亲差异愈小,亲子关系愈密切;其中双亲灌速平均值与后代的关系皆比母与子、父与子密切:而父与子较母与子关系密切.灌速遗传力较高,在早代进行个体定向选择,可望获得较好的选择效果.欲提高灌速,要注重千粒重、功能叶面积、株粒重的选择,同时兼顾灌浆时间、株穗数、株粒数的选择,使其协调发展,综合提高.综合分析,以双亲灌速快,且灌速差异中等偏小,快速亲本作父本的组配形式为最好.     

Fe~(3+)对鼠尾藻光合呼吸作用和生化组成的影响

研究了不同浓度Fe~(3+)对鼠尾藻光合作用、呼吸作用和体内不同生化组成的影响。结果表明,不同的Fe~(3+)浓度对鼠尾藻真光合速率和呼吸速率均有显著的影响,在0.04 mg/L的Fe~(3+)浓度下鼠尾藻的光合作用能力达到最强,而0.06 mg/L的Fe~(3+)浓度下鼠尾藻的呼吸作用达到最高;不同Fe~(3+)浓度下,鼠尾藻体内叶绿素a浓度和类胡萝卜素浓度变化显著,可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量变化不显著。     

Spatial–temporal variations in biosonar activity of Yangtze finless porpoise in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its correlation with underwater noise: Are quieter non-shipping branches the remaining shelters?

1. Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is Critically Endangered, It relies on its biological sonar sensing system for important life activities. The rapid development of the Yangtze valley has brought busy shipping, which has resulted in increased noise.
2. Two locations on the shipping channel and non-shipping branch were selected. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record the biosonar signals of porpoises and underwater noise. The number of click trains, echolocation encounters, buzzes and buzz ratios were counted and the root mean square sound pressure level of noise was calculated in five diel phases.
3. A non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences among different phases and between different locations. The aim of the study was to detect the spatial and temporal variations in the biosonar activity of YFPs and underwater noise between non-shipping and shipping channels, and to provide scientific advice for YFP conservation.
4. Significant spatial and temporal patterns were observed both in biosonar activity and noise. Average biosonar activity, including click trains, buzzes, buzz ratio and echolocation encounters, was higher in the non-shipping channel than in the shipping channel, whereas the noise level was higher in the shipping channel than in the non-shipping channel.
5. In the non-shipping channel, the buzz numbers and buzz ratios, indicators of porpoise feeding activity, were higher at night than during the day while the noise level was higher during the day than at night.
6. These findings may be associated with the noise avoidance strategies of YFPs to adapt to the busy shipping on the Yangtze River. Maintaining the non-shipping status of some branches of the Yangtze River can provide more shelters for the YFPs. Strengthening the measures for banning navigation at night or reducing the vessel speed at night throughout the entire year would improve the YFPs’ feeding success.

     

除草用四足机器人稳定性的判定与分析

针对除草用四足机器人在不规则农田地面行走稳定性难以评定的问题,在力–角稳定性度量法的基础上,提出了三棱锥法,根据对其角点倾翻角和轴线倾翻角的推导,得到用最小稳定角作稳定性的评判标准。引入倾翻性能系数综合评价四足机器人的静态和动态稳定性,并通过数值模拟,讨论在不规则农田里的地面倾角、外载荷及外力矩对机器人稳定性的影响。使用由舵机驱动的8自由度,尺寸为170 mm×130 mm×140 mm的机器人物理样机在0°~45°的不规则玉米地上进行试验,测量最小稳定角。结果表明:合外力与地面倾角对机器人稳定性影响显著,地面倾角对其影响接近线性单调,试验所测最小稳定角度值与预测结果相比,平均相对误差为9.46%,相关系数为0.979 6。     

枣园病虫害无公害防治研究进展

对枣园病虫害的防治现状、害虫预测预报和微生物农药、植物源农药、抗虫基因利用的研究应用以及天敌的利用、选育抗虫品种、害虫的生态控制等无公害防治技术进行了综述,提出了加强枣树病虫害无公害防治建议.     

纳米科技（Nanometer）环保节油装置及其机理的研究

传统的燃油添加剂是一次性的,本纳米环保节油器是长效性的,一次安装,长期使用,二者结合尚有增效的效果。这二项技术都属初级阶段,但潜在着大量的研究空间及市场前景,机理尚待进一步研究。