一例种鸡维生素B2缺乏症的诊治

2003年4月中旬,济宁某种鸡场连续孵化3批种蛋,孵化期间均发生大批胚胎死亡,出壳的雏鸡表现弱雏,成活率极低。经询问种鸡饲养状况和观察死亡胚、死亡雏鸡的症状,确诊为种鸡维生素B2缺乏症。送检的死亡胚胎和1日龄死亡雏鸡症状基本相似。胚胎多在孵化后12-14天死亡,死胚颈部弯曲,足肢缩短,关节变形,水肿,比相同日龄的正常发育胚要小。死雏的特征性症状非常明显,即所有的雏鸡均无绒毛,只在胸部、背部、颈部等部位无规则地出现疏密不一的棒状羽,短而粗,有的羽毛紧贴于皮肤呈结节状。多只死雏表现典型的“鹦鹉嘴”,嘴尖而短,喙部向里侧弯曲,使得…     

对森林资源资产评估中K值的思考

林分质量调整系数(K)对评估值的大小起着关键性作用,其直接影响着林区森林资源资产评估结果的准确性。针对评估实践中对K值的机械使用和不合理组合提出了不同看法,把测树学和森林经理学的基本理论与森林资源资产评估理论相结合,并对参照林分的质量进行调整,提出应根据林分状况和评估目的不同选择相应的K值指标,实施综合调整,力求准确反映现实林分的真实价值。     

Hidden Dangers on Linkage Control of Electrical Devices and Design Installation and Debugging of Power Supply and Distribution Underground Space

Linkage control of fire-fighting electrical equipment effectively and reasonable design, installation and debugging of power supply and distribution are increasingly important to ensure the safety of underground space. As the linkage control systems associated with the fire control electrical equipment are very complicated, and the distribution of installation and debugging are very professional, there are many hidden troubles of safety in the whole life cycle process. On the basis of analysis of characteristics of underground space of fire, underground fire-fighting electrical equipment and the requirement of power supply system are expounded, hidden dangers on linkage control of electrical devices and design installation and debugging of power supply and distribution underground space are analyzed, and some suggestions and countermeasures are provided for relevant departments as decision-making reference.     

添加木质素和生物炭对土壤氮、磷养分及水分损失的影响

研究添加木质素和生物炭对土壤氮、磷养分及水分损失的影响,降低土壤改良剂使用成本,增加造纸黑液中木质素的利用途径,促进木质素在土壤改良中的应用。试验选取生物炭改良剂与木质素作为对比,通过土柱淋溶和静态吸收法,研究不同添加量(质量分数为0,1%,2%,4%)的木质素和生物炭对土壤氮磷养分、水分、脲酶活性以及pH的影响。土壤中添加木质素和生物炭均能减缓pH变化程度;抑制土壤脲酶的活性,且在添加氮肥后的1～20天抑制效果明显,其抑制效果与添加量呈正相关。添加量为1%,2%,4%的木质素和生物炭与对照组相比,铵态氮挥发量分别显著减少8.29%,14.29%,14.86%和3.79%,11.65%,15.26%;全氮淋溶量分别显著减少32.37%,37.70%,42.49%和25.43%,30.70%,39.54%;全磷淋溶量分别显著减少23.68%,40.48%,48.12%和6.97%,22.88%,35.30%;水分淋溶量分别显著减少7.71%,15.82%,9.29%和9.91%,15.00%,16.06%。在本试验中,木质素、生物炭质量分数分别为2%和4%时对降低土壤氮、磷养分和水分损失的效果最佳。因此,可以说明木质素和生物炭在水肥保持上的效果相近,在一定程度上可以替代生物炭改良剂在土壤中的应用。     

基于多源数据的华北平原夏玉米种植区划研究

精准识别农业生产环境信息和农业生产特征,对气象、土壤和作物等多源数据进行综合分类,是提高农业资源利用效率和优化农业种植结构的基础。本研究基于近20年（1998~2017年）气象数据和华北五省的玉米单产统计数据,首先构建了华北平原气候资源和玉米生产时空分布特征数据库,研究区内的降雨量、活动积温、日照时数、太阳辐射和玉米单产均存在显著的时空变化;利用作物精细种植区划方法,将华北平原夏玉米种植区分为极不适宜区、不适宜区、较适宜区、适宜区、极适宜区五大类,各类面积分别占总体的比例约为10%、11%、25%、30%、24%;进一步通过环境类别归属度分析方法,将每一大类分为5小类,概率大于75%的相对稳定区域约占总面积的63%,小于75%的波动区域约占37%;极不适宜区、不适宜区和较适宜区,三类时空分布比较稳定,隶属度为100%分别占各类面积的87.67%、70.41%和84.28%,波动区主要发生在极适宜区和适宜区,以及适宜区和较适宜区之间。本研究构建的华北平原夏玉米精细区划结果,对提高研究区资源利用效率和优化玉米产业布局具有重要的指导意义。     

奶牛和肉牛甲烷气体排放的预测

甲烷气体（CH4）是牛、羊等反刍动物养殖过程中的一种排放物,也是《东京议定书》中提出的主要限制排放的温室气体之一,甲烷气体的预测及其准确性是一个被极大关注的问题。本文选择性地汇总了世界上一些被认可的甲烷气体预测模型或方程式,并对影响甲烷气体排放的一些日粮因素及其影响程度进行了综述,以满足对甲烷气体排放估测的需要。     

我国中华蜜蜂、熊蜂、黑小蜜蜂感染蜜蜂丝状病毒情况调查

虽然没有单一因素被证实与蜂群的大量损失有直接关系,但是新发及再发感染性病原对蜂群的下降起到了重要作用。蜜蜂丝状病毒(AmFV)首次于1978年鉴定感染于意大利蜜蜂,但是最近发现广泛存在于意大利蜜蜂及独居蜜蜂中,然而蜜蜂丝状病毒是否也存在于我国的中华蜜蜂及其他相关蜂种未见报道。为了深入理解AmFV的发生、流行及分布,本文检测了我国中华蜜蜂、熊蜂、黑小蜜蜂的样本,发现均不同程度感染了该病毒,其中黑小蜜蜂感染率最高,达80%,为深入开展病毒流行与传播提供了基础数据。     

Effects of dietary ramie level on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,and meat quality of Boer goats

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of ramie as forage on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and meat quality of Boer goats. For this, 60 Boer lambs were divided into four groups fed the TMR with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% (control, and groups I, II, III, respectively) ramie. The experiment lasted for 90 days with a pretest for 15 days. Venous blood and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were collected after 24 h fasted at the end of the experiment. The results showed that ramie seems no significant changes in average daily gain (ADG) and other parameters for growth performance, only 40% ramie in TMR significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, group II (20%) showed significant increases in total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) levels, and decreases in albumin/globulin level (P < 0.05) in serum. Meanwhile, serum total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.05) and free thyroxine (FT4) level were significantly reduced with up to 20% or more ramie in TMR. Moreover, the total amino acid and flavor amino acid levels in LD muscle were not affected by ramie. However, significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid levels in group II. Overall, these results indicated that up to 20% ramie in TMR have no impairment in growth performance, health and meat quality, whereas high level ramie might have a negative effect on feed intake.

     

壮丰安对冬小麦春生叶生理功能的调控效应初步研究

试验以京冬６号和京冬８号为材料,研究了新型植物生长调节剂－壮丰安对冬小麦春生叶片生理功能的调控作用,结果表明：壮丰安处理使春生１－５片叶长度,宽度及叶面积减少,控制了冬小麦前期旺长;使旗叶长度,宽度及叶面积增加;使叶片叶绿素总量及可溶性蛋白质含量增加;使叶片过氧化物酶,过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,使叶片综合性状得到改善,促进灌浆,提高产量。     

不同采收期对沙田柚采后品质的影响

研究了不同采收期对梅州沙田柚（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓＯｓｂｅｋ）果实的品质及呼吸作用的影响。结果表明：过早采收的沙田柚,其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素Ｃ等的含量较适时采收的要低,而其有机酸含量及呼吸作用则较高。提出了梅州沙田柚最佳的采收期应是１１月上、中旬,即立冬前后,适宜采收的生理指标是可溶性固形物的质量分数为１３％。