三疣梭子蟹多克隆抗体与4种经济蟹类血细胞交叉反应的研究

采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术、免疫印迹技术和流式细胞术3种方法对鼠抗三疣梭子蟹血细胞多克隆抗体与黄道蟹、日本蟳、中华绒螯蟹、勘察加帝王蟹血细胞的免疫交叉反应进行分析。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜结果表明,该抗体与黄道蟹、日本蟳、勘察加帝王蟹、中华绒螯蟹血细胞均发生了免疫交叉反应,且发生反应的抗原决定簇均位于细胞膜上;流式细胞术测定该抗体与黄道蟹颗粒血细胞和透明血细胞交叉反应阳性率最高,分别为99.45%、98%,与中华绒螯蟹颗粒血细胞和透明血细胞交叉反应阳性率最低,阳性率分别为81.34%、78.56%;免疫印迹结果显示该抗体与日本蟳血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是80、38.5ku;与勘察加帝王蟹血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是80、93ku;与中华绒螯蟹血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是82、41、30ku;与黄道蟹血细胞结合的蛋白分子量是70、43ku。     

Spatial pattern of soil carbon and nutrient storage at the alpine tundra ecosystem of Changbai Mountain,China

气候变化对土壤碳和养分的影响越来越受到生态学家的关注,尤其是对高山冻原生态系统的影响。本研究目的是长白山高山冻原系统土壤碳和养分的空间异质性。结果表明:不同土层深度的土壤碳在Meadow alpine tundra vegetation (MA)中显著地高于其他植被类型(p<0.05);在每一植被类型中,表层(010 cm)碳含量显著地高于1020 cm的土层;土壤氮的分布格局是氮素在表层和1020 cm土层变化规律相似;不同土层深度的土壤磷在Lithic alpine tundra vegetation (LA) 中显著地低于其他植被类型(p<0.05);土壤钾浓度在Felsenmeer alpine tundra vegetation (FA) 和LA中显著地高于其他植被类型,但在每一植被类型中土壤钾浓度随土壤深度没有明显的变化;不同深度土壤硫在MA中显著地高度其他植被类型;对每一植被类型而言,C: N, C: P, C: K 和C: S随土壤深度增加而降低。除了在SA的表层外,表层的土壤C: N高于1020 cm的土层。在长白山高山冻原系统中,随植被类型的变化,土壤碳和养分储量有着显著的空间异质性。参29表3图1。     

鱼类小瓜虫病免疫研究进展

小瓜虫病是淡水鱼类和观赏鱼类的一种常见寄生虫病。鱼感染小瓜虫后,在血清和体表黏液中产生抗体,这种抗体主要是鱼受到小瓜虫体细胞表面膜蛋白的刺激,通过血液和体表黏液中淋巴细胞产生出来的,以阻止小瓜虫的运动并杀死虫体。目前还没有正式用于生产的小瓜虫疫苗,但实验室疫苗已研制成功,包括经冷冻和福尔马林处理后的死疫苗、小瓜虫活疫茁以及小瓜虫基因疫苗等。综述了,多年来小瓜虫病的免疫研究概况、鱼类对小瓜虫免疫反应类型、反应机制以及抗小瓜虫疫苗等。     

High fluid shear strain causes injury in silver shark: Preliminary implications for Mekong hydropower turbine design

The Lower Mekong Basin is facing unprecedented threats to fish diversity from hydropower development. There is increasing pressure on developers and construction authorities to design solutions to improve fish survival through turbines, thus protecting the resources in regions being developed for hydropower. A hydraulic characteristic of hydropower turbines with known fisheries impacts is fluid shear stress. Elevated shear stress occurs where rapidly flowing water passes near spillways, screens and within turbine draft tubes. Shear stress can have adverse impacts on fish, but no work has assessed whether this holds true for Mekong River species. A flume was used to determine critical tolerances of silver shark, Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker), to shear stress rates at a high‐velocity jet which simulated a hydropower turbine. Fish were assessed for injury or mortality following exposure. Results were compared against a no‐shear control. Injury and mortality were greater at higher shear stress exposures. Injuries occurred at all shear exposure levels with mortality at shear levels higher than 600/s. This approach should help design future hydropower turbines if data on other species demonstrate similar results. If the likelihood of adverse impact is high, then shear stress will need to be considered in the design of future hydropower facilities.     

Effects of adding sucrose on Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) growth performance and water quality in a biofloc system

A 60‐day indoor growth trial was conducted to study the effects of biofloc on the growth performance of a Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798), water quality and biological indicators including biofloc volume, chlorophyll‐a, heterotrophic bacteria and Bacillus quantity. Two concentrations of sucrose (0 and 75%) were added daily to the P. monodon culture systems (2.94 ± 0.11 g), which were conducted indoors in fibre‐glass tanks (500 L). Results showed that the final body weight and weight gain of the adding 75% sucrose group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control, as well as significantly (P < 0.05) improved specific growth rates and survival rates, and reduced feed coefficient. Adding 75% sucrose promoted heterotrophic bacteria, Bacillus and phytoplankton reproduction, and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the concentration of ammonia‐N (NH₄‐N), nitrite‐N (NO₂‐N) and nitrate‐N (NO₃‐N). The changes of water quality indicators in the two groups showed the similar trend at the end of the experiment, and the ammonia‐N, nitrite‐N, nitrate‐N and phosphate‐P concentrations in the 75% sucrose group were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the control group, Chlorophyll‐a concentrations peaked at 389.12 μg/L in the biofloc sucrose group at 18:00 h, and heterotrophic bacteria peaked 8 h after sucrose was added. The addition of sucrose also reduced the pH of the water. Our research showed that adding sucrose promoted biofloc formation and shortened the formation time; increased the number of heterotrophic bacteria and algae which might play a role in improving water quality by assimilating ammonia‐N and other harmful substances in the water; supplemented food for P monodon growth; and reduced the feed coefficient.     

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels with Different Protein‐to‐Energy Ratios on Growth,Feed Utilization,and Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Dianchi Golden‐line Barbell,Sinocyclocheilus grahami

An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth, feed utilization, and plasma biochemical parameters of Sinocyclocheilus graham. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (35, 40, and 45%), and each with three lipid levels (4, 8, and 12%), to produce a range of P/E ratios from 71.31 to 98.64 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish. Fish grew best when fed the diet containing 45% protein and 12% lipid. However, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 8% lipid had similar weight gain and specific growth rate as those fed the above diet but showed relatively better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein and energy retentions. Additionally, plasma total amino acids and blood urea nitrogen contents and γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid were relatively low among the dietary treatments. These results may indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with P/E ratio of 84.05 mg protein/kcal would be suitable for the optimal growth, feed utilization, and health of S. graham.     

天然橡胶微波干燥动力学模型研究

利用本课题组设计发明的微波干燥湿天然橡胶物料设备,对微生物凝固湿天然橡胶进行物料表面温度分别为358、373、388、403 K的微波干燥试验,干燥时间均为15 min,每4 s获取一组干燥过程相关数据,测试分析湿天然橡胶(微生物凝固)的微波干燥失水特性,并建立湿天然橡胶微波干燥动力学模型.结果表明,干燥温度越高,湿天然橡胶含水率下降越快;快速干燥阶段为物料干燥的主要失水阶段;湿天然橡胶微波干燥动力学模型可由多项式模型来表示.     

Localisation and expression of TRPV6 in all intestinal segments and kidney of laying hens

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the localisation and expression of the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel type 6) in different intestinal segments and kidney of laying hens during peak lay. 2. Immunohistochemical analysis of the intestine indicated that TRPV6 was localised to the brush-border membranes of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and rectum. Expression was weaker in the rectum, and little or no expression was found in crypt and goblet cells. In addition, TRPV6 mRNA was quantified amongst different intestinal segments, and expression was highest in the duodenum and jejunum. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that the duodenum expressed the greatest amount of TRPV6 and the rectum the least with the other segments expressing intermediate levels. 3. In the kidney, distinct immunopositive staining for TRPV6 was detected at the apical domain of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and medullary connecting tubules (CNT). Interestingly, distribution of TRPV6 extended to the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). Furthermore, the kidney expressed lower TRPV6 mRNA and protein levels compared with that in the duodenum. 4. In conclusion, the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6 is strongly expressed in the apical cells of the entire intestine and the renal tubules, suggesting that active Ca2+ transcellular transport plays a crucial role in dietary calcium (re)absorption in laying hens.     

美洲斑潜蝇自然种群生命表及飞行能力的研究

美洲斑潜蝇ＬｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａｅＢｒａｎｃｈ．田间自然种群中,幼虫期的死亡率最高,１、２、３龄幼虫平均死亡率分别为４８．１４％、５０．８６％、７８．９７％,幼虫期被寄生蜂寄生的概率随龄期的增大而增高,从１龄的１．４４％上升到３龄的６０．８８％。应用微型昆虫飞行磨（Ｆｌｉｓｈｔｍｉｌｌ）计算机联机装置对不同日龄成虫的飞行能力进行了测试,结果表明：雌虫飞行能力随日龄的增大而增强,３日龄最大连续飞行的时间为８．８３分钟,距离为２７２．９３ｍ。雄虫以２日龄成虫飞行能力最强,最长的一次连续飞行时间可达２５．００分钟,距离为８８２．８８ｍ。     

杆身截面积减小对连杆屈曲的影响

以某非道路四缸高压共轨柴油连杆为研究对象,采用由多体动力学与有限元分析结合的方法,研究了工字型杆身截面积参数变化对连杆整体屈服、疲劳安全系数和屈曲的影响规律.结果表明,杆身截面的宽度和厚度参数变化对连杆疲劳安全系数影响最敏感,其次是屈曲.厚度参数变化对连杆屈曲和疲劳安全系数的灵敏度影响相近.当杆身截面横截面积减少率相同...