优质高产三系杂交晚稻新组合T优180

T优180是用三系不育系T98A作母本,以湖南农业大学水稻所选育的优良恢复系180作父本配组育成的三系中熟杂交晚籼新组合,具有产量高、稳产性好、品质较优、适应性强、制种产量高等特点。2005年2月通过湖南省品种审定委员会审定。     

玉米光敏雄性不育的发现及初步研究

我们于1994年发现了玉米光敏雄性不育材料CA507，经过初步研究，认为该玉米光敏感雄性不育材料在短日照条件下表现雄性不育，在长日照条件下表现雄性可育，育性转换的临界日照长度是14～15h。光敏雄性不育性状表现隐性遗传。     

安徽颍泉泉水湾湿地公园湿地资源现状及保护恢复措施

该文介绍了安徽颍泉泉水湾湿地公园的湿地资源现状及特点,分析了湿地公园内湿地资源存在的问题和面临的威胁,并针对这些问题和威胁对安徽颍泉泉水湾湿地公园湿地资源的保护和恢复提出了相应的措施。     

Verification of Glyphosate Resistance,Lepidopteran Resistance and Wide Compatibility of Male Sterile Line E1C4008S in Rice

Weeds and insect pests are two important biotic stresses resulting in yield loss in rice, and wide compatibility is the essential characteristic of breeding inter-subspecific hybrid rice. This study focused on glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility as well as identification of molecular and some agronomic characteristics of transgenic male sterile line E1 C4008 S. The results indicated that glyphosate resistance gene Epsps# and lepidopteran resistance gene Cry1 ca~# were transferred into japonica wide compatibility male sterile line 4008 S by Agrobacterium-mediated method, and four independent transformation events named E1 C4008 S-1, E1 C4008 S-2, E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 were obtained, in which E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 were of single copy insertion. The EPSPS protein contents of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf stem root, and ranged from 300.58 to 1410.69 μg/g at the tillering stage. The glyphosate tolerable concentration(dosage) of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 reached at least 16 g/L(54.42 kg/hm2), and the seeds of E1 C4008 S-4 can germinate normally on the medium containing 1 g/L glyphosate. The CRY1 C protein contents of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf stem root, and ranged from 0.62 to 2.43 μg/g at the tillering stage. The larvae mortalities of rice leaf rollers fed on leaves of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 for 5 d were 95.35% and 97.77%, respectively, while the average mortalities of silkworms fed with protein extracts from leaves of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 reached 94.55% and 83.64%, respectively. The results suggested that wide compatibility and evaluated agronomic traits of E1 C4008 S-4 were not significantly changed by insertion of the exogenous genes. Overall, a novel male sterile germplasm with glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility was verified to be developed in rice.     

Desorption and distribution of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on aged black carbon containing sediment

Purpose

There is a strong affinity between organic compounds and black carbon (BC) in sediments, but the release of adsorbed organic compounds from BC may vary with the duration of contaminant–sediment contact (i.e., aging). The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the application of rice straw carbon (RC) on the control of hydrophobic ionizable organic compounds (HIOCs) pollution and investigate whether aging affects the release of adsorbed pentachlorophenol (PCP) in RC-amended sediment.

Materials and methods

Two experiments were conducted in this study: Tenax-mediated desorption kinetics experiment and PCP’s distribution experiment over aging time. The Tenax-mediated desorption kinetics data were fit with a modified two-domain model. PCP’s distribution pools in sediment involves water soluble (F ₁), 48 h desorption (F ₂), 432 h desorption minus 48 h desorption (F ₃), strongly complexed (F ₄), and nonextractable fractions (F ₅).

Results and discussion

A good fit of the desorption kinetics data was obtained with the modified two-domain model, and R ² ranged from 0.979 to 0.999. The presence of RC in the sediment reduced the rapid and slow desorption fractions (F _rap and F _slow) as well as the rapid and slow rates of desorption of PCP (k _rap and k _slow) from the sediment, and the RC also increased the desorption-resistant fraction (F _r ). F _rap and F _slow both increased, while F _r decreased after aging. The PCP content of F ₁, F ₂, and F ₃ increased but decreased in F ₄ and F ₅ with contact time. Furthermore, the segregation of PCP varied less with aging time in sediments with 2.0 % RC than in sediments with 0.5 % RC.

Conclusions

RC played a dominant role in hindering PCP mass transfer and reducing PCP availability in sediments. After the RC-amended sediment was aged for 98 days, the PCP was released more easily and became more readily available, which was attributed primarily to the RC–sediment aging rather than of the PCP–sediment aging. Furthermore, 0.5 % RC is not sufficient to control PCP release from sediments, and 2.0 % RC is needed to fix PCP in sediments over long periods of time.     

基于TRIZ理论围框机铲边成型装置的创新设计

为解决现有围框机铲边成型工位成型纸框品质问题,利用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)建立功能模型,因果链分析对成型纸框品质问题进行分析,找出其根本问题,通过运用TRIZ中的解题工具,得到解决方案模型,并进行方案评估。将评估后最优方案进行实验验证,小面纸空边问题得到解决,面纸包边合格率达到99%。基于TRIZ理论中的工具得到解决方案,并通过方案评估,得到最优方案,对围框机成型折边工位优化设计提供了理论参考依据,是解决实际问题的有效方法。     

不同寄主植物对美国白蛾肠道细菌群落的影响

为明确美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea在取食不同寄主植物后其肠道细菌群落的变化情况,采用高通量测序技术分析其肠道细菌16S rDNA的V3～V4区域,分析肠道细菌的多样性、物种组成和菌群结构差异,并对其生物学功能进行预测。结果显示,美国白蛾4龄幼虫在取食不同寄主植物后肠道细菌Shannon多样性指数出现明显差异,由高到低依次为取食寄主法国梧桐Platanus orientalis、柿Diospyros kaki、胡桃Juglans regia、杨树Populus×canadensis和杏Armeniaca vulgaris的群体。美国白蛾肠道优势菌门主要为变形菌门和厚壁菌门,而属分类水平上的物种在不同处理之间存在较大差异,在取食法国梧桐和柿树的美国白蛾肠道中Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia的相对丰度较高,分别为63.16%和34.50%;取食杏树和杨树的美国白蛾肠道优势菌属分别是肠球菌属Enterococcus和肠杆菌属Enterobacter,相对丰度分别为87.58%和37.93%。不同寄主也导致美国白蛾肠道细菌群的组成结...     

竹塑复合材料的冲击韧性

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、竹浆纤维、竹造纸剩余物竹屑、白泥为试验原料,制造竹塑复合材料。采用基本断裂功(EWF)方法对竹屑/HDPE、白泥/竹屑/HDPE和竹浆纤维/竹屑/HDPE3种复合材料的冲击韧性进行了研究,比较了不同质量分数的竹屑、白泥、竹浆纤维对复合材料各性能参数的影响。结果表明:复合材料的比基本断裂功(we)随着竹屑和白泥的增加逐渐下降,随着竹浆纤维的增加显著提高;竹屑和竹浆纤维的质量分数对竹塑复合材料的比非基本断裂功(βwp)影响较小。     

升温方式对二段加热鲢鱼糜水分分布和品质的影响

为进一步验证改善升温方式可抑制蛋白质凝胶劣化的理论,优化鱼糜制品的加工方式,将微波升温(microwave heating,MH)、微波辅助水浴升温(microwave assistant water bath heating,MWH)和水浴升温(water bath heating,WH)方式,分别应用于传统二段加热法中的低、高温段,研究了不同升温方式对解冻鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix鱼糜的质构特性、蒸煮损失和水分分布影响.结果表明:所有微波处理组的鱼糜硬度和咀嚼性均低于传统水浴二段加热法,尤其是低、高温段均为MH升温处理的AA组,但各组的内聚性、弹性均无显著性差异(P>0.05);低温段MWH、高温段MH升温的BA组蒸煮损失显著低于传统水浴二段加热的CC组(P<0.05),其他组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);低温段WH、高温段MH或MWH升温的CA或CB组的弛豫时间t23较短,不易流动水分含量P23较高,水分稳定性最好,水的结合能力较强.研究表明,低温段采用微波辅助水浴升温、高温段采用微波升温方式既能提高加热效率又能较少减少蒸煮损失,而低温段采用水浴升温、高温段采用微波辅助水浴升温的鱼糜质构特性相对较好,保留更多的水分在三维网络结构中.本研究结果为快速升温方式避免低盐淡水鱼糜凝胶劣化理论提供基础数据.