动物腹腔手术后粘连的成因及防制概述

就术后粘连发生的诱因、发生机理进行了阐述,并结合动物粘连模型的试验研究结果及临床研究结果,对预防腹腔手术后粘连的药物和方法进行了综述。     

饲料中维生素A分析方法研究进展

本文介绍了维生素A的测定方法,包括比色法、紫外分光光度法、近红外光谱法和高效液相色谱法等。     

CK1 inhibitor affects in vitro maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes

The objectives of present study were to evaluate the effect of casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibition D4476 on in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental competence of bovine oocytes. The cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in maturation medium with D4476 (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 24 hr. After IVM and in vitro fertilization, through expansion average scores of cumulus cells (CCs), oocyte maturation efficiency, cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of zygote, we found 5 μM D4476 could increase the development potential of oocytes. After the COCs were treated with 5 μM D4476, the results of quantitative real‐time PCR analysis, Lichen red staining and PI staining showed that under without affecting germinal vesicle breakdown and nuclear morphology, D4476 could significantly decrease CK1 and upregulate TCF‐4 in oocytes. Furthermore, without influencing the level of Bad and CTSB, D4476 could significantly increase the expression of β‐catenin, TCF‐4, Cx43, MAPK, PTGS‐2, PTX‐3, TGS‐6, Bax and Bcl‐2 in CCs. Western blot analysis revealed that the addition of 5 μM D4476 during the maturation of COCs resulted in a lower level of Cx43 protein at 12 hr and a higher expression of Cx43 protein at 24 hr compared to the group without D4476. These results indicate that adding optimum D4476 (5 μM) to maturation medium is beneficial to maturity efficiency and development competence of bovine oocytes.     

上海市定点监测猪群伪狂犬病病原学调查与病毒分离鉴定

为了解上海市定点监测猪群伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染情况,对2014—2015年来自兽医疾病诊断中心、种猪场、屠宰场和规模场的1 863份样品进行PRV荧光定量PCR检测。结果显示,共检出48份PRV核酸阳性,总阳性率为2.6%(48/1 863),其中2014年为4.3%(39/898),2015年为0.9%(9/965),呈现大幅下降趋势,表明上海市通过加强PR免疫,淘汰散养和中小型养殖场,加强种猪场PR净化等措施,使本市猪群的PRV感染得到了有效控制。对部分阳性样品用BHK-21细胞进行PRV分离鉴定,共获得12株病毒,并对其中1株毒株进行了病毒毒价测定,获得了稳定的毒价,这为下一步的动物试验奠定了良好基础。     

一株产细菌素植物乳酸杆菌YJG发酵液对蛋鸡生产性能以及蛋品质的影响

研究一株植物乳酸杆菌细菌素对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选用232日龄产蛋率和体重相近、健康状况良好的海兰灰蛋鸡225只,试验期为34 d。结果表明:日粮中添加500 AU/kg植物乳酸杆菌细菌素对蛋鸡的产蛋率和平均蛋重的提升幅度最大,各细菌素添加组对降低料蛋比均有显著的效果(P<0.05),对平均日采食量、蛋黄色泽、哈氏单位、蛋壳强度和蛋形指数都有不同程度的改善。植物乳酸杆菌细菌素可以明显改善蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质,可以为饲料添加剂的研发提供新的思路。     

Dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility in ruminants following elimination of protozoa: a meta-analysis

Background: Ruminal microbes are vital to the conversion of lignocellulose-rich plant materials into nutrients for ruminants.Although protozoa play a key role in linking ruminal microbial networks,the contribution of protozoa to rumen fermentation remains controversial; therefore,this meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the temporal dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) profiles and dietary fiber digestibility in ruminants following the elimination of protozoa(also termed defaunation).A total of 49 studies from 22 publications were evaluated.Results: The results revealed that defaunation reduced methane production and shifted ruminal VFA profiles to consist of more propionate and less acetate and butyrate,but with a reduced total VFA concentration and decreased dietary fiber digestibility.However,these effects were diminished linearly,at different rates,with time during the first few weeks after defaunation,and eventually reached relative stability.The acetate to propionate ratio and methane production were increased at 7 and 11 wk after defaunation,respectively.Conclusions: Elimination of protozoa initially shifted the rumen fermentation toward the production of more propionate and less methane,but eventually toward the production of less propionate and more methane over time.     

对官方兽医职位设定问题的探讨

在前期官方兽医管理制度研究的基础上,重点分析了官方兽医在政策制定、设置范围、所属机构、职能职责等方面存在的问题,提出了适应我国国情和兽医事业发展的官方兽医管理建议。     

樱桃谷种鸭的产蛋率与月龄的回归分析

２４０９只（公３３０只，母２０７９只）樱桃谷种鸭，经过１０个月的试验。统计了母鸭的月产蛋数和产蛋率，分析了产蛋率（Ｙ）与月龄（Ｘ）之间的回归关系，得到下述回归方程：ｙ＝０．５７ｘ＾３－１７．４１ｘ＾２＋１６９．９０ｘ－４６８．８９。在生产上，可根据此回归方程推算出樱桃谷种鸭各时期的产蛋率。     

西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛生长激素基因AluⅠ多态性的比较研究

利用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)技术 ,测定了西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛生长激素基因的AluⅠ RFLP (限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 ) ,并比较了2牛群的基因频率。在西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛中 ,等位基因A的频率分别为 0 935和 0 90 5 ,等位基因B的频率分别为 0 0 65和 0 0 65 ,卡方检验差异不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

新巴尔虎右旗植被覆盖变化研究

利用ArcGIS和ENVI的栅格空间分析工具,采用叠置分析、线性趋势分析法、均值法等分析方法,选用2001～2016年每年5～9月MODIS NDVI数据和该研究区域行政区划矢量数据来研究新巴尔虎右旗16年间的植被覆盖变化,为该地区植被趋势研究和生态建设提供一定的科学依据.结果表明:2001～2016年间新巴尔虎右旗生...