Lipids in Wheat Flour Streams

Lipids play an important role in determining the quality of wheat flour and its suitability for different bakery products. The lipid content and fatty acid composition in various flour streams showed a wide variation. The free lipid content varied from 0·1 to 1·9% (db) and bound lipid content from 0·2 to 2·1% (db) in different flour streams. The amount of bound lipid was more in reduction streams. The palmitic and linoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids present in free and bound lipids. These fatty acids were found to be higher in the «III» «Break coarse», «IV» «Break filter», «III» «Break fine», «1st» and «4th» «middling». The studies showed that the reduction passage flours had more of bound lipids indicating the presence of polar lipids.     

Diurnal, daily, seasonal and annual patterns of sap-flux-scaled transpiration from an Acacia mangium plantation in South China

? In this study of a 19-year-old Acacia mangium plantation with a basal area of 26.6 m² ha^?1 in subtropical South China, whole tree sap flow was measured continuously over a two-year period and the dependence of stand sap flow (Et) on environmental factors was investigated at diurnal (hourly), daily, seasonal and annual scales.

? Daytime hourly mean Et was linearly correlated to photosynthetically active radiation (Q) and vapor pressure deficit (D) in each season during the whole study period (R ² > 0.57, P < 0.001), whereas daily daytime mean Et was less tightly coupled to Q and D (R ² < 0.50).

? Pronounced hysteresis was observed between Et and Q as well as D and the extent of the hysteresis varied seasonally.

? Total annual stand transpiration was higher in the first year (244.5 mm) than in the second year (185.8 mm) although rainfall was lower in the first year (1 122.4 mm) than in the second year (1 342.5 mm), from which it can be concluded that annual stand transpiration did not simply increase with increased annual rainfall.

     

Nocturnal sap flow characteristics and stem water recharge of Acacia mangium

In this paper, we studied the nocturnal stem water recharge of Acacia mangium. It is helpful to improve the precision of canopy transpiration estimation and canopy stomatal conductance, and to further understand the lag time of canopy transpiration to stem sap flow. In this study, the whole-tree sap flow in an A. mangium forest was measured by using Granier’s thermal dissipation probe for over two years in the hilly land of South China. The environmental factors, including relative humidity (RH), precipitation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and air temperature (T _a) were recorded simultaneously. The stem water recharge of A. mangium was analyzed on both daily and monthly scales. Sap flux density was lower at night than during the day. The time range of nighttime sap flux density was longer in the dry season than in the wet season. The water recharging mainly occurred from sunset to midnight. No significant differences were observed among inter-annual nighttime water recharges. Nighttime water recharge had no significant correlation with environmental factors, but was well correlated with the diameter at breast height, tree height, and crown size. In the dry season the contribution of nighttime water recharge to total transpiration had significant correlations with daytime transpiration, total transpiration, VPD, PAR and T _a, while in the wet season it was significantly correlated with daily transpiration and total transpiration. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 476–482 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

三峡库区利用川硬皮肿腿蜂防治天牛类害虫

近几年来,天牛等蛀干害虫在三峡库区杉木、松树、柏木、经济林木林区的危害面积不断蔓延扩大,危害程度越来越重,对库区已有和正在发展的用材林、防护林、经济林是一个潜在的威胁,至今尚无既无公害,又能有效控制灾害的防治措施。１９９４年我们在长江上游泸县林场粗鞘...     

水稻灌浆期耐热性的品种间差异及其与剑叶光合特性和内源多胺的关系

 对65个不同来源的早籼稻品种进行了灌浆期耐热性的鉴定研究,并比较了耐热性相差很大的品种灌浆期高温胁迫前后的生理反应。结果表明：秕粒率、实粒重、整精米率、垩白度、蛋白质含量的胁迫指数可作为水稻品种灌浆期耐热性田间直接鉴定的 5个指标,可采用隶属函数值法对各品种的耐热性进行综合评价;不同品种的耐热性存在相当大的差异,筛选出了几个耐热性很强的品种;高温胁迫严重影响水稻的光合能力,但耐热性强的品种剑叶的光合速率高温胁迫后下降幅度明显较小,胁迫解除后恢复的程度也更高,叶绿素含量、RuBPc 活性及内源多胺含量的变化趋势与光合速率相一致,是水稻耐高温逼熟的重要生理特征。     

Antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture.

Curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. The mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin contains approximately 40% oil. The oil was extracted from the mother liquor using hexane at 60 degrees C, and the hexane extract was separated into three fractions using silica gel column chromatography. These fractions were tested for antibacterial activity by pour plate method against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fraction II eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane was found to be most active fraction. The turmeric oil, fraction I, and fraction II were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. ar-Turmerone, turmerone, and curlone were found to be the major compounds present in these fractions along with other oxygenated compounds.     

Effects of repeated manure and fertilizer phosphorus additions on soil phosphorus dynamics under a soybean-wheat rotation

 Soil P availability and efficiency of applied P may be improved through an understanding of soil P dynamics in relation to management practices in a cropping system. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate changes in plant-available (Olsen) P and in different inorganic P (P_i) and organic P (P₀) fractions in soil as related to repeated additions of manure and fertilizer P under a soybean-wheat rotation. A field experiment on a Typic Haplustert was conducted from 1992 to 1995 wherein the annual treatments included four rates of fertilizer P (0, 11, 22 and 44 kg ha^–1 applied to both soybean and wheat) in the absence and presence of 16 t ha^–1 of manure (applied to soybean only). With regular application of fertilizer P to each crop the level of Olsen P increased significantly and linearly through the years in both manured and unmanured plots. The mean P balance required to raise Olsen P by 1 mg kg^–1 was 17.9 kg ha^–1 of fertilizer P in unmanured plots and 5.6 kg ha^–1 of manure plus fertilizer P in manured plots. The relative sizes of labile [NaHCO₃-extractable P_i (NaHCO₃-P_i) and NaHCO₃-extractable P₀ (NaHCO₃-P₀)], moderately labile [NaOH-extractable P_i (NaOH-P_i) and NaOH-extractable P₀ (NaOH-P₀)] and stable [HCl-extractable P (HCl-P) and H₂SO₄/H₂O₂-extractable P (resisual-P)] P pools were in a 1 : 2.9 : 7.6 ratio. Application of fertilizer P and manure significantly increased NaHCO₃-P_i and -P₀ and NaOH-P_i, and -P₀ fractions and also total P. However, HCl-P and residual-P were not affected. The changes in NaHCO₃-P_i, NaOH-P_i and NaOH-P₀ fractions were significantly correlated with the apparent P balance and were thought to represent biologically dynamic soil P and act as major sources and sinks of plant-available P. Received: 23 October 1997     

Genetic basis of variation for salt tolerance in maize ( Zea mays L).

The genetic basis of salt tolerance was examined in selected salt tolerant and sensitive material from a sample of accessions previously assessed for variability in salinity tolerance. The North Carolina Model 2 Design and analysis was followed, tolerance being assessed in 10-day-old seedlings grown in salinized solution culture at control (0 mM), 60 mM and 80 mM NaCl concentrations). Salinity tolerance was shown to be under the control of genes with additive and non-additive effects, with broad and narrow sense heritability estimates being approximately 0.7 and 0.4 over all treatments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

稻白叶枯病菌对水稻悬浮细胞H2O2含量及其代谢酶活性的影响

为探讨Ｈ２Ｏ２及其代谢酶与水稻抗白叶枯病的关系,以水稻品种余水糯和浙辐８０２的悬浮细胞为材料,研究了稻白叶枯病菌（７５－１和７６－２５菌株）对水稻悬细胞中Ｈ２Ｏ２含量,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ和ＳＯＤ活性的影响。结果表明：白叶枯病菌接种水稻品种 水糯悬浮细胞,其Ｈ２Ｏ２含量增加,而ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ和ＳＯＤ活性均低于对照,白叶枯病菌侵染对水稻品种水辐８０２悬浮细胞中Ｈ２Ｏ２含量,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ和ＳＯＤ活性影响不     

海南野生兰花观赏性状评价

为保护、开发利用海南野生兰科植物研究提供数据参考,该文对海南野生兰科植物的观赏性状进行了数据采集、描述,较为全面的观察和评价.按观赏特性可分为大花型(23种)、多花型(23种)、长花序型(15种)、特长花序型(8种)、圆锥花序型(12种)、具香气型(21种)6个类型.同时筛选了62种可直接开发利用的原生种,并从观赏角度将其划分为四类:观花类(15种)、观叶类(3种)、花叶兼具类(27种)、株型类(17种).