11种植物提取物抗烟草花叶病毒活性研究

为开发环境友好型的植物源抗病毒剂,以烟草花叶病毒(TMV)为供试病毒,采用半叶枯斑法,研究了11种植物不同溶剂提取物的抗TMV活性。结果表明：当浓度为1 mg/mL时,臭灵丹石油醚提取物、红花月见草乙酸乙酯提取物、臭灵丹水层提取物对TMV增殖有显著抑制(P＜0.05)活性抑制率分别为68.47%、80.19%、94.57%;臭灵丹石油醚提取物、钻叶紫菀乙酸乙酯提取物、臭灵丹水提取物对TMV有较强的钝化活性,抑制率分别为80.00%、76.38%、83.33%。TAS-ELISA检测表明,臭灵丹、风轮草、珊瑚樱、钻叶紫菀、益母草、拔毒散等植物提取物对普通烟K326内病毒增殖具有显著抑制作用(P＜0.05),并且明显好于阳性对照药剂宁南霉素。     

欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌双组分基因缺失突变及其生物学表型分析

[目的]欧美杨细菌性溃疡病是革兰氏阴性细菌Lonsdalea populi引起的杨树枝干病害,其危害严重,已造成欧美杨人工林的重要经济损失.双组分系统是细菌致病过程的关键调控途径之一.目前,欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的双组分系统如何调控致病过程仍缺乏系统研究.因此,本研究开展欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的双组分编码基因的缺失突变及突...     

杭嘉湖面源污染林业工程生态治理原理与技术研究

梳理了国内外面源污染治理研究进展,并在此基础上,论述了面源污染生态治理的原理。针对杭嘉湖面源污染,提出了4种生态治理技术措施：水源涵养林林结构优化技术,水系岸带生物防护技术,集水区人工塘渠－湿地复合系统建设技术,污染水体的植物修复技术。     

基于ITS和形态学系统分析新疆桦木属种间系统发育关系

以新疆桦木属的6个种和其他10种桦木属植物为材料,利用Clustal Omega和MEGA 7.0软件对ITS基因序列进行遗传分析,同时利用SPSS 25.0软件对7个形态性状进行主成分和聚类分析,探讨新疆桦木属植物的系统发育关系。结果表明：在ITS遗传演化分析中,新疆桦木属中的桦木亚组和柴桦亚组遗传距离较近,为0.0047,桦木亚组内部绝对遗传距离为0.0060;在形态性状主成分分析中,特征值大于1的累计贡献率为84.5%,桦木属植物分类性状主要取决于生活型、叶片形状、果苞背部被毛、树皮剥裂及纹路;新疆桦木属植物ITS序列和形态学聚类结果基本一致,盐桦与甸生桦聚为一组,与《中国植物志》中盐桦归属于桦木亚组,而甸生桦属于柴桦亚组的分类存在一定差异,但与《新疆植物志》中两者被划分在柴桦亚组的结论有相似之处。     

4种植物叶片浸提液成分分析及其对珊瑚樱种子萌发的影响

模拟自然环境下的化感作用,选取珊瑚樱和同一生境下生长的其他3种有毒植物叶片为材料,采用室内监测法,应用蒽酮比色法、气相色谱−质谱联用技术测定浸提液可溶性糖含量和乙酸乙酯萃取物组成成分,分析不同浓度珊瑚樱、常春藤、野蓟和飞机草叶片水浸提液对珊瑚樱种子萌发的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的4种植物浸提液处理对珊瑚樱种子萌发具抑制作用,均降低珊瑚樱种子的各项萌发指标,以0.2 g/mL常春藤水浸提液化感抑制效应最大为−20.52,综合发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数与CK差异显著;不同浓度的4种植物浸提液可溶性糖含量均随浸提液浓度的增加而升高,0.2 g/mL常春藤水浸提液可溶性糖含量最高为（1.53 ± 0.02）mg/g,随着可溶性糖含量增加,其对种子萌发抑制效果越明显。以新植二烯为主的烯烃类物质是珊瑚樱和常春藤的优势组分,分别占总量的37.94%、78.7%;以大牛儿烯D为主的烯烃类物质是野蓟的优势组分,占总量的52.94%;以5−异亚丙基−4,6−二甲基−3,6,8−壬三烯−2−醇为主的醇类物质是飞机草浸提液的优势组分,占总量的63.28%。4种有毒植物水浸提液随浓度的增加其抑制作用增强,相关性分析表明可溶性糖是浸提液中抑制珊瑚樱种子萌发的主要因素。     

辽东山区胡桃楸次生林垂直结构特征研究

以辽东山区胡桃楸次生林为研究对象,采用树冠光竞争高法将胡桃楸次生林划分为上、中、下3个林层,并在此基础上分析了各林层的树种组成、径级结构、空间结构特征等。结果表明：上、中、下3个林层平均树高分别为14.86～17.02、11.18～12.77 m和7.33～8.01 m,方差分析结果表明,不同林层树高间差异极显著,分层效果较好。上林层为林分蓄积量主要贡献层,占林分总蓄积量61.86%～78.7%;其次为中林层,下林层最少。各林层径级分布曲线不同,下林层径级分布呈反“J”曲线,中林层呈左偏单峰曲线,上林层为多峰曲线。林分整体处于中度混交向强度混交的过渡状态,3块标准地上、中林层的混交度平均值分别为0.512、0.574,为中度混交,下林层平均混交度为0.671,接近强度混交,各林层平均混交度表现为随垂直高度的降低而增大。标准地1和标准地3为聚集分布,标准地2属于随机分布。随林层垂直高度的降低,林分聚集度和竞争指数均有所增加。从林分的垂直结构判断胡桃楸次生林的林分结构相对稳定,其未来的演替方向可能为以落叶松和胡桃楸为优势种的针阔混交林或者以胡桃楸、蒙古栎和花曲柳为优势种的阔叶混交林,下林层的更新能力较差,应采取人工措施促进其天然更新。     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

青贮玉米新品种大唐 18

青贮玉米杂交组合大唐 18 由陕西大唐种业股份有限公司以自选系 H61 为母本、16SG02 为父本杂交组配而成,2023年通过陕西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：陕审玉 20230069 号,具有棒大、穗粗、活秆成熟等特点。     

U形渠道圆头量水柱测流影响因素试验及模拟

为研究U形渠道圆头量水柱的测流规律及影响因素,基于绕流理论和RNG k-?湍流模型,对18种体型圆头量水柱5种工况下的水力性能进行全流场数值计算,获得了时均流场、断面流速分布及柱后水流流态,并与实测值进行对比。同时,通过模型试验与数值仿真研究了V形尾翼对测流的影响。结果表明：水力参数的实测值与模拟值具有较好的一致性,渠道底坡为1/1 000,流量为45.01 L/s,收缩比及长宽比分别为0.50和2时,驻点处横断面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为1.51%,水深15 cm位置剖面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为0.45%。适宜长宽比的V形尾翼可以有效改善过槽水流：当收缩比为0.50～0.75时,建议长宽比为3/2～2;当收缩比＜0.50时,长宽比应相应增大,但不宜＞5/2。通过回归分析得到的圆头量水柱流量计算公式,在收缩比为0.63时最大测流误差为4.95%,平均误差仅为0.10%,该研究为圆头量水柱在中国北方灌区末级渠系的进一步应用提供参考。