考察欧洲犬业的收获

8月23日至9月12日,笔者随公安部刑事侦察局一行30人赴欧洲五国进行警犬技术应用培训和工作访问。经过21天的考察和学习,对欧洲犬业有了比较全面的了解,受益匪浅,深受启发。下面浅谈几点感想,仅代表个人观点。一、对欧洲犬业的评价(一)历史悠久人类驯养家犬的历史最早可以追溯到     

森林生态资源价值补偿机制的探讨

笔者在相关研究成果的基础上,对建立森林生态资源价值补偿机制所涉及到的有关问题进行了讨论,提出了价值补偿的4种途径,即自我补偿、行业补偿、社会补偿以及国家和地方补偿等;指出了森林生态资源价值补偿的具体办法和措施,这些办法和措施带有明显的过渡性质,并呈现多样化趋势;针对湖北森林生态资源价值补偿工作的现状,提出了建立补偿机制的应对策略,“局部补偿带动全面补偿”,“先易后难,分步实施”等是应对策略的核心;强调全社会广泛的参与和积极配合,是补偿机制能否顺利建立及有效运行的关键,只有调动全社会的力量,资源价值补偿的目的才能最终实现。     

基于EPG技术分析杭菊两主栽品种对三种菊蚜抗性及其相关抗性物质

为比较杭白菊主栽品种早、晚小洋菊对菊小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella sanborni、棉蚜Aphis gossypii、桃蚜Myzus persicae的抗性,通过刺吸电位技术(electrical penetration graph,EPG)研究菊蚜在菊顶叶上刺吸行为,并检测了菊顶叶主要化合物。结果表明:在晚小洋菊上,菊小长管蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间4.31、3.47 min,分别短于在早小洋菊上的4.63、3.75 min;棉蚜、桃蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间分别为4.32、4.72 min和4.92、4.64 min;3种蚜虫的平均刺探次数均大于在早小洋菊上的平均刺探次数。聚类分析结果显示,2个主栽品种之间抗性存在差异。早小洋菊顶叶平均可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别为2.71 mg/g和25.36 mg/g,均高于晚小洋菊;早小洋菊顶叶总酚含量为0.24 mg/g,显著低于晚小洋菊;早、晚小洋菊总黄酮含量分别为3.46 mg/g和3.37 mg/g。早小洋菊顶叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量基本上与每种菊蚜的E1、E2波持续时间显著正相关,总酚含量、总黄酮含量与每种菊蚜的E1或E2波持续时间显著负相关。推测早小洋菊对于菊长管蚜的抗性稍弱于晚小洋菊,2种杭白菊对棉蚜或桃蚜的抗性相当,且菊叶中的这4种物质含量与抗蚜性相关。     

Q型烟粉虱芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因的克隆及表达分析

为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci取食感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的番茄植株后,其体内的芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因(arylsulfatase B,ARSB)是否能够做出应答反应,基于Q型烟粉虱基因组数据克隆得到ARSB基因cDNA全长,采用生物信息学方法分析其序列特征,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段、不同组织及携带TYLCV前后的表达量变化情况。结果显示:Q型烟粉虱ARSB基因的cDNA全长为1 731 bp,编码576个氨基酸,分子量为64.89 kD,具有ARSB的保守结构域。ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段均有表达,在卵期表达量最高,成虫期表达量最低;该基因在Q型烟粉虱头胸部的表达量显著高于腹部;Q型烟粉虱获取TYLCV 72 h后其体内ARSB基因表达量显著提高。表明ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同龄期、不同组织内存在差异表达,并可能参与Q型烟粉虱对TYLCV的响应和传毒过程。     

新时期农业科研院所学科领域调整和布局的思考——以广东省农业科学院为例

学科建设作为一项综合性、系统性、长期性的基础建设工程,是科研院所的立院之本.文章通过简要分析新时期学科调整的背景和意义,分析了广东省农业科学院在学科建设方面取得的成绩以及存在的不足和短板,在此基础上,提出了加强顶层设计、坚持协同创新、强化条件建设、培育一流学科团队等促进学科建设的对策建议,以期为农业科研院所加强学科建设...     

胶州湾北部沿岸浮游植物生态特征的研究

根据1998年4月中旬～10月中旬胶州湾北部的调查结果,共检出浮游植物26属56种,其中硅藻23属50种,甲藻3属6种。浮游植物数量的峰值出现在4月中旬和9月下旬,其均值分别为15115.5×103cell／m3和133315．1×103cell／m3,最低值出现在6～7月。加氏星杆藻、中肋骨条藻和浮动弯角藻曾在该海区形成优势种。     

Effects of dietary protein to energy ratios on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab,Eriocheir sinensis

This study aimed to determine the optimal protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) and evaluate the effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Nine practical diets containing three levels both for protein (DP 30%, 35% and 40%) and lipid (DL 2%, 7% and 12%) with P/E ratios ranging from 13.69 to 19.79 mg KJ^?1 were fed to four replicates of crabs (3.39 ± 0.10 g) for 10 weeks. Weight gain increased significantly with the increase in DP level at each DL level. Moreover, weight gain increased in crabs fed with diets containing DL level from 2% to 12% and DP level from 30% to 35%. However, the diet containing 40% DP and 12% DL levels significantly decreased the growth performance and protein efficiency of the crabs. The whole crab and hepatopancreas lipid contents also increased as dietary lipid increased, but not dietary protein. The total protease activity increased significantly with the increase in dietary protein at each lipid level. The lipase activity was statistically comparable among different DL levels at each DP level. Taken together, the crab fed the diet containing 35% protein and 12% lipid levels with P/E 15.77 mg KJ^?1 revealed optimal growth, feed utilization efficiency and digestive enzymes activities. Moreover, our study indicated that the higher dietary lipid level at a relatively lower dietary protein level could provide protein sparing effect in Eriocheir sinensis.     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

对虾养殖中新生残饵耗氧动态及其规律的研究

本文根据实验模拟研究的结果，估算了由配合饵料和贻贝肉形成残饵后３６天时间内的耗氧量，并讨论了其耗氧动态和规律。残饵耗氧量的变化范围为４．０９～１７．６１ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ。残饵耗氧曲线随残饵形成时间的不同而显著变化，且始终呈二次曲线衰减形式，在其演变过程中，该二次曲线方程的二次项系数由负数逐渐演变为正数，并最终接近于污染虾塘底质的耗氧曲线。配合饵料和贻贝肉的耗氧曲线变化形式相近，但程度上存在较大差异。另外，本文还初步探讨了残饵的耗氧高峰期，估算了残饵在虾塘底质总耗氧量中的作用。