杂交水稻新品种京福8优77的选育

京福8优77（京福8A／明恢77）是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所与福建亚丰种业有限公司合作选育的早籼三系杂交水稻新品种,该品种具有株型适中、穗大粒多、熟期转色好、产量高、稻瘟病抗性较好以及适应性较广等特点,2014年6月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻2014003）。本文介绍京福8优77的选育经过、产量表现及品种特征特性。     

Using an unmanned aerial vehicle to evaluate nitrogen variability and height effect with an active crop canopy sensor

Ground-based active sensors have been used in the past with success in detecting nitrogen (N) variability within maize production systems. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents an opportunity to evaluate N variability with unique advantages compared to ground-based systems. The objectives of this study were to: determine if a UAV was a suitable platform for use with an active crop canopy sensor to monitor in-season N status of maize, if UAV’s were a suitable platform, is the UAV and active sensor platform a suitable substitute for current handheld methods, and is there a height effect that may be confounding measurements of N status over crop canopies? In a 2013 study comparing aerial and ground-based sensor platforms, there was no difference in the ability of aerial and ground-based active sensors to detect N rate effects on a maize crop canopy. In a 2014 study, an active sensor mounted on a UAV was able to detect differences in crop canopy N status similarly to a handheld active sensor. The UAV/active sensor system (AerialActive) platform used in this study detected N rate differences in crop canopy N status within a range of 0.5–1.5 m above a relatively uniform turfgrass canopy. The height effect for an active sensor above a crop canopy is sensor- and crop-specific, which needs to be taken into account when implementing such a system. Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with active crop canopy sensors provide potential for automated data collection to quantify crop stress in addition to passive sensors currently in use.     

风雪荷载作用下Venlo型温室结构整体性能研究

为研究风雪荷载作用下Venlo型温室结构的整体性能,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,考虑温室结构的实际工作状态、材料非线性、几何大变形以及构件初始几何缺陷的影响,建立Venlo型温室结构的单榀骨架、整体骨架、整体骨架覆盖薄膜、整体骨架覆盖玻璃和整体骨架覆盖PC板5种计算模型,分别模拟5种风雪荷载工况下各结构的整体受力情况,给出了相应安全系数和空间作用系数,分析了Venlo型温室结构的空间整体性能。结果表明:檩条支撑作用使温室结构空间作用效应提高约0~33.7%;覆盖材料对提高整体骨架空间作用效应的影响不可忽略,约为28.1%~383.4%,且玻璃覆盖整体骨架时产生的影响最大,PC板次之,薄膜再次之;对Venlo型温室结构进行设计计算时,可适当考虑檩条、覆盖材料等对结构空间作用效应的提高作用。研究成果可为完善Venlo型温室结构设计理论提供参考。     

小钩叶藤维管束和导管的轴向变异

以小钩叶藤材为研究对象,采用生物解剖学和化学离析的方法,获得小钩叶藤基部、2 m处、中部、梢部等轴向高度的节间和节部的维管束、导管的相关数据,系统分析其在轴向的变化规律。结果表明,节间与节部维管束的弦向与径向直径在轴向上有相同的变化趋势,两者间没有显著性差异。节间、节部维管束、导管的密度在轴向具有完全相反的变化趋势,且节间维管束和导管单位面积分布数均显著低于节部(P0.05)。节间与节部导管分子长度在轴向有相同的变化趋势,而节间与节部导管直径在轴向变化无规律可循,节间导管分子长度和直径均显著高于节部,组间差异经t检验,有统计学意义(P0.05)。     

旱作滴灌铺膜播种农机化技术集成与应用

为解决因水资源缺乏导致的粮食减产问题,开原市大力推广旱作滴灌铺膜播种农机化技术。详细介绍该技术的主要内容、关键环节及培训情况,并综合分析该技术的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,为该技术在开原市推广应用提供有益借鉴。     

表达抑制山羊痘病毒ORF095 shRNA的山羊成纤维细胞系的建立

将已经通过体外验证能够有效抑制山羊痘病毒复制的shRNA转入山羊体细胞,构建其表达细胞系.将已经通过验证能够靶向抑制山羊痘病毒ORF095基因并有效抑制GTPV的pGPU6/GFP-ORF095-siRNA-70转染山羊原代成纤维细胞,经800μg/mL G418抗性筛选7～8d后,用含200μg/mL G418和10～15ng/mL EGF的培养基进一步单克隆化并将单克隆细胞扩大、传代培养,应用RT-PCR检测及测序鉴定所构建的细胞系.结果表明:本试验获得的1株成纤维细胞系基因组含有ORF095-siRNA-70表达框架,为进一步进行体细胞克隆转基因动物的制备和RNAi体内抗山羊痘病毒的研究奠定了基础.     

宠物豚鼠隐孢子虫感染情况调查及其虫种鉴定

为了解宠物豚鼠隐孢子虫感染情况,用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对郑州某宠物市场55份豚鼠粪便和免疫抑制后的30只豚鼠新鲜粪便样本进行检查。结果发现,隐孢子虫总感染率分别为12.7%和80%,卵囊呈近圆形,卵囊大小为5.3μm×4.7μm〔(5.0～5.5)μm×(4.4～4.9)μm〕,卵囊指数为1.11。基于18SrRNA基因位点,对调查中发现的7个隐孢子虫分离株进行PCR扩增,PCR-RFLP和测序结果显示,7个分离株均为维瑞隐孢子虫。宠物豚鼠隐孢子虫感染较为普遍,感染虫种是维瑞隐孢子虫,且豚鼠在免疫抑制后,其隐孢子虫感染率显著增高。     

哺乳母猪的颗粒日粮

共采用76头母猪(1～4 胎)进行试验,来确定颗粒日粮对母猪及其仔猪生产性能的影响.在21 d的哺乳试验中,母猪喂粉状(玉米磨碎至粒度500～600 μm)或颗粒(直径0.48 cm)形式的玉米-豆粕基础日粮.结果,日粮形状不会影响酸性洗涤纤维摄取量(ADFI)或哺乳期失重(P≥0.15).同时,每窝猪的断奶仔猪头数、仔猪存活率、每窝仔猪增重,断奶至发情的天数不受处理的影响(P≥0.15).然而,喂颗粒饲料的母猪失去较少的背膘(0.13 cm,P＜0.02).同时,喂颗粒饲料的母猪,其干物质(DM)、氮(N)和总能(GE)消化率分别提高6%、9%和9%,而每天排出的DM和N分别减少90 g和2 g(P＜0.001).总之,在不分胎次母猪中,使用颗粒饲料不仅不会影响其仔猪的生产性能,而且可提高母猪的养分消化率、减少养分的排出.     

Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC₅₀ = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC₅₀ = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC₅₀ = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC₅₀ = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested M^pro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.     

白居易的园林情结及其对传统私家园林的影响

本文阐述了唐朝诗人白居易的园林情结,剖析其园林思想,并归纳他的“中隐”思想和朴实造园手法对传统私家园林产生的深远影响。