Influence of Delipation on the Energy Metabolism in Pig Parthenogenetically Activated Embryos

This study was designed not only to measure the effect of delipation on the developmental viability of pig parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos, but also to evaluate the changes of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and gene (Acsl3, Acadsb, Acaa2, Glut1) expression level at different stages after delipation. Results showed that no effect was observed on the cleavage ability, but significant lower blastocyst rate was obtained in delipated embryos. Copy number of mtDNA decreased gradually from MII to four‐cell stages and subsequently kept consistent with blastocyst stage both in delipated and control embryos, but the copy number of mtDNA in delipated embryos was similar to that in the control groups no matter at which developmental stage was observed. Both in delipated and control embryos, ATP content progressive decreased from one‐cell to blastocyst stages, while just at one‐cell stage, a significant decrease of ATP level was observed in delipated embryos compared with that of control. The level of ROS increased obviously after delipation at cleavage stage, but no difference was seen at blastocyst stage. Finally, the expression level of genes related to fatty acids beta‐oxidation (Acadsb and Acaa2) was decreased, while the expression level of genes related to glucose metabolism (Glut 1) was upregulated after delipation. In conclusion, the reduction of lipids in pig oocytes will affect the developmental competence of pig PA embryos by disturbed energy metabolism and ROS stress.     

Polymorphisms in the feline TNFA and CD209 genes are associated with the outcome of feline coronavirus infection

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection, is a highly lethal disease without effective therapy and prevention. With an immune-mediated disease entity, host genetic variant was suggested to influence the occurrence of FIP. This study aimed at evaluating cytokine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), receptor-associated SNPs, i.e., C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209), and the five FIP-associated SNPs identified from Birman cats of USA and Denmark origins and their associations with the outcome of FCoV infection in 71 FIP cats and 93 FCoV infected non-FIP cats in a genetically more diverse cat populations. A promoter variant, fTNFA - 421 T, was found to be a disease-resistance allele. One SNP was identified in the extracellular domain (ECD) of fCD209 at position +1900, a G to A substitution, and the A allele was associated with FIP susceptibility. Three SNPs located in the introns of fCD209, at positions +2276, +2392, and +2713, were identified to be associated with the outcome of FCoV infection, with statistical relevance. In contrast, among the five Birman FIP cat-associated SNPs, no genotype or allele showed significant differences between our FIP and non-FIP groups. As disease resistance is multifactorial and several other host genes could involve in the development of FIP, the five genetic traits identified in this study should facilitate in the future breeding of the disease-resistant animal to reduce the occurrence of cats succumbing to FIP.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0123-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

犬佝偻病综合防治新方法

犬佝偻通常被俗称为“缺钙”,一般养犬爱好者,特别是临床兽医对该病都不陌生。从近年来我们对犬佝偻的诊断与治疗实践中,发现在对犬佝偻发生原因的认识、预防及治疗方案方面存在着一定误区,现将我们在近几年工作对该病原因的认识与预防措施介绍如下：     

耕地非粮化整治背景下仙居县发展羊肚菌产业的思考

在耕地非粮化整治背景下,水稻-羊肚菌轮作模式可有效提升农户种植整体经济效益,对于稳定发展粮食生产具有重要意义。总结仙居县近年来羊肚菌产业发展现状和存在问题,提出发展建议。     

雏鸡感染传染性法氏囊病病毒后血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α和花生四烯酸代谢物的动态变化

选取经传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)弱毒苗免疫和未免疫的AA 鸡120 羽,研究了感染IBDV 强毒后血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和花生四烯酸代谢物水平的动态变化及相互关系。结果表明,攻毒后第1 天,未免疫攻毒鸡(A 组)血浆TNF-α即表现较大的变化,至第3 天,A 组和免疫攻毒鸡(B组)TNF-α显著高于未免疫未攻毒鸡(C组),至第5 天3 个组虽均下降,但A 组仍高于或明显高于B、C组,以后3 组间无明显差异;攻毒后的3～5 d,A 组血浆前列腺素E(PGE2 )上升或明显上升,高于或明显高于B、C组,B组虽也见上升但与C组无明显差异,5 d 后3 组均下降,同期各组相比无明显差异;血栓素B2 (TXB2 )除在攻毒后第3 天C组明显高于A、B组以及攻毒前水平外,其他时间各组间无显著差异;A、B组的6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)在攻毒后头5 d 内升高,但组间无差异。分析3 组TNF-α与几种花生四烯酸代谢物水平间的相关性发现,仅A 组的TNF-α分别与PGE2 、TXB2 和6-keto-PGF1α呈显著正相关。     

单管多重RT-PCR同时检测大豆种子中三种检疫性植物病毒

我国大豆年进口量持续增长,快速、准确地检测进境大豆种子中可能携带的病原物是防止检疫性有害生物入境传播和扩散的有效手段。菜豆荚斑驳病毒(BPMV)、烟草环斑病毒(TRSV)和番茄环斑病毒(ToRSV)均是被大豆种子携带的检疫性有害生物。本研究建立了在单一PCR管中同时检测这3种检疫性植物病毒及大豆内源基因Bd-30K的多重RT-PCR方法。研究结果表明,所建立的多重RT-PCR方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,检测含BPMV、TRSV和ToRSV RNA的最低浓度分别为0.45、0.0093和0.004ng/μL,从大豆种子中同时检测3种病毒的最低RNA浓度为0.58ng/μL。     

格宜镇石漠化生态修复项目效益评价

对宣威市格宜镇2009年实施的云南高原石漠化生态修复项目进行了调查评价,总结了该项目实施的经验和特点。调查评价表明:1000亩造林地块成活率达95.95%、保存率达94.5%,川滇桤木、圆柏、滇合欢3个造林树种年地径和高生长量均大于指标要求,造林成效明显,森林郁闭后每年至少可产生替代价值1290.1万元。     

青藏高原放牧高寒草甸主要温室气体通量及其主控因素研究

在青藏高原高寒草地不同放牧强度区设4个试验样地,分别为原生草甸(NM)、轻度退化草甸(LM)、中度退化草甸(MM)和重度退化草甸(HM),监测草地温室气体通量。结果表明:不同放牧强度对草地温室气体通量影响显著,放牧活动对高寒草甸的影响首先表现在植被上,而土壤环境的变化比较迟滞。通过逐步回归分析和因子拆分得知,草甸甲烷通量影响较大的环境因素为土壤紧实度和有机质,分别能解释44.6%和28.4%的总变异,CO2通量影响较大的环境因素为紧实度和生物量,分别能解释36.1%和32.8%的总变异,氧化亚氮通量影响较大的环境要素为紧实度和有机质,分别能解释50.1%和22.9%的总变异,家畜的践踏作用使退化草地紧实度增加,进而引起温室气体通量的改变,高寒草甸退化演替发展到重度退化阶段时释放大量温室气体。     

温室网纹甜瓜发育模拟模型研究

 通过研究甜瓜的发育生理生态过程, 建立了以生理发育时间为基础的温室甜瓜发育过程模拟模型, 并利用不同播期、地点和品种的试验资料对模型进行了检验。结果表明, 模型对发芽期、幼苗期、伸蔓期、开花期、结果期等各生育期及全生育期的模拟预测值与实际观测值的符合度较好, 其回归估计标准误差(RMSE) 分别为1、3、2.2、1.8、1.1、2.6 d。     

初论我国辣椒产业的现状及发展趋势

辣椒是我国人们喜食的蔬菜之一,随着高效农业的推进,我国辣椒生产面积迅速扩大.目前,我国辣椒种植面积居蔬菜作物第二位,而产值和效益居蔬菜作物之首,因此辣椒对提高我国人们的物质生活水平和精神生活水平、解决三农问题做出了重要贡献.本文从辣椒消费量、辣椒加工和国际贸易量等方面分析了我国辣椒产业的市场潜力;从辣椒的种植面积、总产量、栽培方式、品种利用等方面分析了我国辣椒生产的现状和存在问题,提出辣椒生产的新趋势;从辣椒育种和基础研究两方面对我国辣椒研究现状与发达国家之间进行了比较,并提出了今后辣椒研究的方向;对我国辣椒种业现状与发达国家进行了比较,分析了目前国外品种对我国辣椒种业的影响.作者针对国际国内市场,为增加我国辣椒产业的核心竞争力,提出六点建议.