不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

离心泵叶轮出口宽度对泵腔内压力脉动分布的影响

在试验和数值模拟相互验证的基础上,开展叶轮出口宽度对离心泵泵腔内压力脉动分布影响的研究．通过试验和数值计算获得离心泵的外特性、泵腔内静压分布、泵腔内压力脉动分布及泵体表面的压力脉动幅值分布,并进行对比分析,结果表明：前泵腔内静压和压力脉动幅值随出口宽度的增大而增大,随半径的减小而增大;后泵腔内静压和压力脉动随出口宽度和半径的变化不十分明显．综合考虑外特性和压力脉动,在比转数 ns ＝97时叶轮出口宽度与叶轮出口直径之比应小于0.06;为了使压力脉动在泵腔内有效地衰减,出口宽度与前腔间隙的比值在1.81附近时最佳．研究结果可用于指导离心泵叶轮的优化设计．     

农田平地机激光发射平台调平控制系统设计

为使农田平地机双源激光定位系统的激光发射平台检测数据更精确、调平实时性更好,设计了激光发射平台自动调平控制系统。该系统采用三脚支撑的平台支撑方式,利用倾角传感器检测平台的倾斜度,通过步进电机驱动平台3条支腿伸缩从而实现平台调平。通过加入倾角传感器数据处理算法和基于RBF神经网络的智能PID控制算法,激光发射平台检测的数据更精确,能满足双激光源定位系统的要求,使农田平地机平地作业更精确。     

The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.     

热水处理对鲜切石榴籽粒贮藏品质、抗氧化能力及微生物变化的影响

以石榴为试材,采用热处理法,研究了不同处理条件对保鲜期间鲜切石榴籽粒贮藏品质、抗氧化能力及微生物变化的影响。结果表明:鲜切石榴籽粒经过40℃10min、45℃6min、50℃4min的热处理,其中50℃4min的热处理能够提高石榴籽粒可溶性固形物含量,减轻石榴籽粒贮藏期间的质量损失,提高石榴籽粒的抗氧化活性,抑制霉菌酵母的生长繁殖,使得石榴籽粒保持较好的感官品质,延缓石榴籽粒的衰老进程。     

玉簪组织培养及离体再生体快繁体系的建立

以玉簪品种"紫萼"嫩叶、叶柄、腋芽及幼嫩的花梗为外植体,利用植物组织培养技术,研究了不同外植体、培养基配方组成等因素影响下的愈伤诱导以及扩繁培养情况,建立玉簪组织培养体系。结果表明:最佳外植体为花梗,最佳培养基组成为MS+6-BA 2.0mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.3mg·L~(-1)。     

“新郁”葡萄离体再生体系的建立

以"新郁"葡萄组培苗为试材,采用离体再生方法,探究了IBA+6-BA及IBA+TDZ2种激素组合的8个浓度配比对"新郁"葡萄离体叶片、叶柄和茎段的愈伤组织诱导及再生的影响。此外,通过比较红光、白光、蓝光、暗培养转红光、暗培养转白光、暗培养转蓝光6种光照条件下愈伤组织的诱导效率及分化潜力,确定了最适宜"新郁"葡萄离体组织培养的光照条件。结果表明:"新郁"葡萄离体再生体系在以叶片为外植体时不定芽再生效率最高;在最适宜的外源激素组合IBA 0.2mg/mL+6-BA 2.0mg/mL诱导下,不定芽再生率可达34.9%。6种光照条件中,以暗培养3周后转红光培养不定芽再生效果最佳,再生率、平均再生芽数、愈伤组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和干物质含量均高于其它光质。     

发展乡村旅游推进新农村建设

本文通过对合肥市乡村"农家乐"旅游发展现状的解析,提出了推进其发展的建设性意见.     

TeMV与PWV侵染对西番莲代谢生理及组织微结构的影响

以西番莲品种‘台农1号’为实验材料,通过电镜扫描技术比较观测TeMV和PWV侵染与健康西番莲的叶片、幼嫩果实外果皮组织形态结构,分析测定其叶片生理生化变化,研究西番莲病毒侵染对西番莲叶片和幼嫩果实外果皮组织结构和生理生化的影响。结果表明：TeMV与PWV侵染后,西番莲植株叶片的海绵组织细胞间隙缩小,发生成团堆积状排列,栅栏组织细胞萎缩,呈不规则长条形;幼嫩果实外表皮组织中石细胞层发生严重断裂,排列松散,海绵层细胞变得松散,且发生较严重的木质化现象;叶片与幼嫩果实外表皮表面纹理粗糙、褶皱,气孔保卫细胞萎缩,气孔周围组织皱缩、粗燥;感病果实外果皮表面上的腺毛凸起无序。病毒侵染后,感病植株第1～3叶的蔗糖含量较第4～6叶的高23.11%;健康叶片则相对平衡,降低了淀粉积累、PG酶、纤维素酶与PPO酶活性,提高了感病植株第1～3叶的α-淀粉酶、GS酶与POD酶活性。西番莲受TeMV与PWV侵染后,植株叶片第1～6叶营养物质分配不平衡,相关物质的合成分解与抗氧化防御酶系统受伤害,叶片与果实组织形态结构受到不同程度的损坏,植株正常吸收功能遭到破坏。