Effects of Parity of Dam and Breeding Date on the Litter Size of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats

The article through the analysis and research to the effects of parity of dam and breeding date on the litter size of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,determine the optimal mating time of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,in order to improve the efficiency of reproductive.Data used were 1998 to 2013 reproductive performance records collected from the Arbas stock farm in Inner Mongolia,China.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.0 software was used to determine the significant effect of the parity of dam and breeding date,the results showed that the parity of dam and breeding date had significant effect on litter size (P< 0.01).Litter size was the lowest in 1st parity does (1.37),the significantly increase in litter size with advance in parity and decline after six parity;Mating cycles for September 29th to October 16th had the highest litter size (1.76),and the estrous months and estrus peak time mainly concentrated in October,so this stage in production could be used as breeding period of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats.     

Pathological characteristics of thyroid glands from Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

To study the effect of ionizing radiation on thyroid glands, 66 Japanese Black cattle residing in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2013–2017 were pathologically examined. There were no clinical symptoms of thyroid disease in these cattle. Three cases of goiter and seven of atrophy were found in two among the four farms examined. Cases of goiter exhibited normal morphological structure without mass or nodule formation in thyroid glands. Cellular atypia or capsular invasion of the follicular epithelium was absent. The estimated integrated dose of external radiation in goiter cases ranged from maximum 797 mSv to minimum 24 mSv. All lobules in the seven atrophic thyroid glands were affected, but pathological findings, such as inflammatory cell infiltration or stromal fibrosis, were not observed. The estimated integrated dose of external radiation in atrophic thyroids ranged from maximum 589 mSv to minimum 8 mSv. Immunohistochemical analysis of anti‐nitroguanosine and the TUNEL method in goiter and atrophic thyroid glands did not reveal any positive findings. The present study indicates that there was no significant relationship between a radiation effect and pathological findings in any thyroid glands.     

Comparison of urine and blood as a convenient and practical sample for estimating the contamination level of live cattle with radioactive cesium

Blood and urine were compared to clarify which is a better sample for estimating the concentration of radioactive cesium in muscles of live cattle. The most probable concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in muscles was 21.0 times that in blood, and the error of this estimation was 28%. The concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in blood was estimated accurately using urine samples. The estimation error did not increase so much (33%), even when the concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in muscles was estimated using urine samples. On the other hand, the maximum volume of blood that can be collected with one syringe is 50 ml, whereas it is easy to collect 1,000 ml of urine. It took at least 360 min to confirm that a cow meets the legal standard by inspecting 50 ml of blood. However, with 1,000 ml of urine, a 20 min measurement time was sufficient for this purpose. This difference in the required measurement time is critically important for practical use. In addition, urine can be collected by farmers themselves, whereas the blood collection requires a veterinarian. Therefore, urine is a more convenient and practical sample for estimating the contamination level of live cattle with radioactive cesium.     

中药“增免散”对免疫抑制鸡免疫功能的影响

将300只1日龄雏鸡随机分成正常对照组、中药“增免散”组、环磷酰胺组、环磷酰胺组 左旋咪唑组、环磷酰胺 “增免散”组,6日龄用鸡新城疫LaSota疫苗免疫点眼滴鼻,14、21、28、35日龄测定鸡血液ND抗体效价、免疫器官指数、细胞免疫功能、红细胞免疫粘附功能等,探索中药“增免散”的免疫增强机理。结果表明:中药“增免散”不但能显著提高Lasota活苗接种雏鸡的特异性HI抗体水平,延长其持续时间,能促进雏鸡免疫器官的生长发育,能显著增高雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率,并对雏鸡红细胞免疫粘附功能具有显著促进作用,而且对环磷酰胺的免疫抑制有部分拮抗作用。     

畜禽注水肉的卫生检验与卫生处理

注水肉系指不法经营者无视国家的屠宰法规和食品卫生法规 ,对畜 (牛、猪、兔等 )、禽 (鸡、鸭 )等在宰前或宰后人为地采用某种手段器械(注射器、皮管、压力泵 )通过畜禽口腔、食道、肛门直肠、动脉血管、皮下等部位注射入一定量的水分 ,以此增加畜禽重量 ,使胴体、肌肉、内脏的含水量剧增 ,达到饱和状态。近几年来 ,畜禽注水肉多见于牛肉、猪肉、鸡鸭肉 ,尤其在农贸集市非常普遍 ,已引起广大消费者和有关部门的关注。１畜禽注水的途径与方法１．１宰前活体注水灌食强行固定猪体灌水姿势 ,用皮管塞入口腔或肛门注入水 ,注水量可占体重的２０%…     

蚕品种选育多用途化发展趋势

为了满足蚕桑生产发展多元化和提升改造传统蚕桑业发展需要开展的特殊用途蚕品种选育进展迅速,本文就以蚕丝生产为目的如雄蚕品种、细纤度蚕品种、粗纤度蚕品种、人工饲料育品种及广食性蚕品种、天然彩色茧蚕品种等的选育,以及非蚕丝生产为目的如吐平面丝蚕品种、吐丝胶茧蚕品种、生物反应器专用蚕品种、药食专用蚕品种等育种研究进展进行概述.     

4个绵羊品种MHC-DRB3基因外显子2的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法分析4个绵羊品种（阿勒泰羊、中国美利奴肉用多胎品系、湖羊和陶塞特羊）MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子的多态性，并进行聚类分析以及基因杂合度和多态信息含量的计算。结果表明：在绵羊MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子第122、154、168、220和241 bp碱基处表现出多态性；χ2适合性检验结果表明，4个绵羊群体MHC-DRB3基因的第2外显子的PstⅠ酶切位点达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，TaqⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点多态性均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态；4个绵羊群体基因杂合度和多态信息含量值分别在0.693～0.774和0.662～0.738之间，表明4个绵羊品种具有丰富的遗传多样性；聚类结果表明，中国美利奴肉用多胎羊和湖羊亲缘关系最近，阿勒泰羊和陶塞特羊关系较远，与实际选育过程一致，MHC-DRB3多态性可作为绵羊育种标记进一步研究。     

不同淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢及血液部分生化指标的影响

本文旨在研究日粮淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢和血液中部分生化指标的影响.试验选择17头体重(21.09±0.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪,以玉米、早籼稻糙米、糯米和抗性淀粉作为淀粉来源,配合4个等氮、等能、等淀粉试验日粮和1个无氮日粮,进行1个按5×5拉丁方设计的氮代谢试验和1个为期8 d的单因子饲养试验.结果表明,抗性淀粉组蛋白质表观和真消化率均最低,表观消化率分别比玉米组、糯米组、糙米组低9.28%、11.31%和11.05%(P<0.05),真消化率分别低8.79%、10.80%和10.50%(P<0.05);蛋白质沉积率以玉米组最高,分别比抗性淀粉、糯米和糙米日粮组高25.98%(P<0.05)、1.32%(P>0.05)和1.37%(P>0.05).血液生化指标分析结果显示,抗性淀粉组试验猪的血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素浓度及胰岛素/血糖变化比较平稳,其他各组采食后升高幅度较大,1 h后达到高峰;其中糯米组采食后1 h血液中葡萄糖、胰岛素含量及胰岛素/血糖最高,分别为1.21 mg/mL、52.35μU/mL和43.27μU/mg,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).由结果可知,日粮淀粉来源影响生长猪氮代谢和血液部分生化指标,抗性淀粉组的血糖和胰岛素变化幅度较小,蛋白质的沉积率也较低.     

上海地区多种动物戊型肝炎血清学调查

在上海地区收集血液样品(猪、牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽、犬和部分珍禽等)964份,应用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(DS-ELISA)检测抗HEV抗体。结果表明,猪抗HEV抗体的阳性率为72.18%(301/417),其中母猪阳性率最高,为82.53%(222/269),育成猪阳性率为52.54%(62/118),保育猪阳性率为50.00%(15/30);22个猪场均检测到抗HEV抗体阳性猪,阳性率高于60%的猪场有16个,占阳性猪场的72.72%。在牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽等血清中也检测到了抗HEV抗体,阳性率分别为6.00%,24.00%,16.00%,1.90%,12.77%和4.44%,明显低于猪群的阳性率。在宠物犬中检测到了抗体阳性犬,阳性率为17.82%(18/101),说明犬对HEV易感。珍禽中野鸭、火烈鸟对HEV也有一定的敏感性,阳性率分别为6.60%(1/15)和10%(1/10),在孔雀和鸵鸟的血清标本中未检测到HEV抗体。猪群中戊型肝炎病毒存在较普遍,其他与人类密切相关的多种动物也对HEV敏感。     

青藏高原不同草地类型苔藓植物化学元素特征

为探讨青藏高原地区苔藓植物对重金属元素的积累状况,在海北站和三江源站的灌丛及草甸采集苔藓植物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪法(AAS)测定了这些苔藓植物体内19种化学元素的含量.结果表明:青藏高原海北和果洛的苔藓植物体内重金属元素Hg,Cd,Zn和Cr的含量不仅高于国内的贡嘎山原始森林地带,也高于国外的意大利、芬兰、挪威等地区;海北的沼泽化草甸和金露梅(Potentila fruticosa)灌丛草甸,以及果洛的嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸的苔藓植物中化学元素的积累有明显差异.如除了K元素外,Ca和Mg元素在海北草甸苔藓体内的含量略高于果洛草甸.此外,苔藓植物体内Cd-Co,Cd-Ni,Cu-Se等元素间存在显著正相关关系.