Comparison of penicillin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine in the treatment of acute undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease

Penicillin, oxytetracycline, and a trimethoprimsulfadoxine combination were compared as first choice antibiotics for the treatment of acute bovine respiratory disease in weaned beef calves. There was no statistical difference in the mortality losses due to respiratory disease; however, the case fatality rate in the trimethoprim-sulfadoxine treatment group (3%) was markedly lower than in the penicillin (10%) and oxytetracycline (8%) treatment groups. The trimethoprim-sulfadoxine group also had statistically fewer treatment days compared to the penicillin and oxytetracycline groups (p < 0.05). Inclusion of mortality costs in the calculation of treatment costs demonstrated that treatment of the trimethoprimsulfadoxine group was appreciably less costly than treatment of the other groups. Temperature response abnormalities, defined as either an elevation in temperature or a failure of temperature to drop from one treatment day to the next, were associated with a relapse rate of approximately 50%. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from pretreatment nasal swabs was not a useful predictor of treatment success of antimicrobials.     

Releases in israel ofAphelinus perpallidus,a recently introduced parasite of the pecan blackmargined aphid,Monellia caryella

Six shipments totaling 3452 mummies of the blackmargined aphid,Monellia caryella (Fitch), parasitized withAphelinus perpallidus Gahan, were obtained by air freight during the years 1982-1985 from Texas A&M Research Center, El Paso, Texas. About two-thirds of the mummies did not yield parasites. A colony ofA. perpallidus was established in the laboratory. Under laboratory conditions the percentage of emerged parasites was higher than that in the imported mummies, and the parasite had very limited impact on the aphid population. Field releases of the parasite were made but no establishment ofA. perpallidus was observed through the years.     

A Streptomyces species identified as the cause of carrot scab

Samenvatting In 1986 werd een ernstige schurft-aantasting bij peen (Daucus carota) gevonden met name in NO-Nederland. Vanuit schurftlesies werd steeds weer eenzelfde type streptomyceet geïsoleerd. In proeven met zeven isolaten van peen en één van aardappel bleek dat deze morfologisch en biochemisch sterk overeen kwamen, terwijl alle isolaten, ook dat van aardappel, pathogeen waren voor peen Amsterdamse bak.De hier onderzochte isolaten komen sterk overeen met een soort die in de literatuur bekend is alsStreptomyces scabies, de veroorzaker van aardappelschurft.S. scabies is echter een ongeldige naam door het ontbreken van een typestam. Zolang er niet een geldig neotype is gepubliceerd kan geen speciesnaam aan deze isolaten worden gegeven. Taxonomisch en nomenclatorisch onderzoek is dus gewenst, evenals onderzoek naar schade, invloed van vruchtwisseling met aardappel en/of andere gewassen en effectieve bestrijding (wellicht door beregening?) van schurft bij peen.