野燕麦群体对麦极抗药性的研究

为探讨中国野燕麦群体是否已对除草剂麦极产生抗药性,于2008-2010年连续3年在河南、安徽、江苏省的部分麦区进行野燕麦群体的采集,选用瑞士先正达公司生产的麦极15%可湿性粉剂,采用温室整株植物测定法检测野燕麦群体对麦极抗药性的发生情况。试验结果表明,在2008年的抗性检测中,河南、安徽、江苏3省的抗性植株比例分别为：6.94%、8%、11.22%;2009年的抗性检测结果是：7.14%、7.06%、12.37%;而2010年试验所得出的抗性植株所占各群体比例分别为：7.44%、7.62%、11.5%。结果表明野燕麦群体对麦极已产生不同程度低水平抗药性。其中,江苏采样群体的抗药性比率最高,不同年度群体均超过10%。虽然目前这些群体只产生低水平抗性,但是考虑到麦极是麦田主要除草剂之一,施用剂量和频率都较高,因此,在上述地区必须加强不同作用机制除草剂的科学轮换,避免野燕麦对麦极抗药性的进一步发展。     

Different population performances of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Frankliniella occidentalis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thrips hawaiiensis</Emphasis> on flowers of two horticultural plants

Gardenia jasminoides and Rosa chinensis are economically important horticultural plants in China. Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips hawaiiensis are serious coexisting pests that previously demonstrated opposite population trends on G. jasminoides and R. chinensis flowers. To further study the different performances between F. occidentalis and T. hawaiiensis, we investigated their population dynamics in the field (for 5 years) and their life history characteristics on the two flowers in the laboratory. In the field, the density of F. occidentalis was lower than that of T. hawaiiensis on G. jasminoides but was higher than that of T. hawaiiensis on R. chinensis. Under laboratory conditions, F. occidentalis showed significantly slower development, and lower survival and fecundity levels than T. hawaiiensis on G. jasminoides, but the opposite was true on R. chinensis. Significant differences in the net reproductive rate (R ₀) between F. occidentalis and T. hawaiiensis were observed, with respective values of 38.66 ± 2.85 and 47.91 ± 2.70 on G. jasminoides, and 55.64 ± 2.15 and 32.45 ± 2.16 on R. chinensis. The intrinsic rates of increase (r _m ) of F. occidentalis and T. hawaiiensis were 0.156 ± 0.008 and 0.198 ± 0.007, respectively, on G. jasminoides, and 0.172 ± 0.003 and 0.165 ± 0.002, respectively, on R. chinensis. Thus, the performances of both thrips with respect to population size in the laboratory were in accordance with those in the field, suggesting that the innate capacity for insect population increases may directly impact their population dynamics in fields. Thus, the population performance of different thrips species on flowers is species-dependent, which could be exploited in thrips control programs by breeding pest-resistant cultivars.     

Mapping QTLs for seedling root traits in a doubled haploid wheat population under different water regimes

A deep and thick root system has a positive effect on wheat yield, particularly in drought environments. A doubled haploid (DH) population of 150 lines derived from the cross Hanxuan 10?×?Lumai 14 was used to map QTLs for seedling root characteristics. The DH lines were cultivated in an agarose gel-chamber under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) regimes. Water stress was simulated by adding mannitol to the agarose gel. The seminal root traits, including maximum root length (MRL), seminal root number, total root length, project root area, root surface area, and seminal root angle were measured after 6?days of seedling development. Grain yields (GY) were measured in a field experiment. A total of 29 QTLs were identified for seedlings cultured under WW regimes, and 23 QTLs under WS regimes. Individual QTL accounted for phenotypic variations ranging from 4.98 to 24.31?%. The QTLs were distributed on 17 chromosomes, except 1D, 4D, 6B and 6D. Seven consistently expressed QTLs were detected for all the traits tested except MRL under both water regimes. The QTLs for root traits were unevenly distributed among chromosomes, and clustered in eight loci on seven chromosomes, showing pleiotropic effects on target traits. One region in the interval Xgwm644.2?CP6901.2 on chromosome 3B contained 9 QTLs affecting most root traits. The present data provide an insight into the genetic basis of seedling root development under different water regimes and may benefit breeding programs using marker-assisted selection (MAS) for root traits.     

粉蓝烟草(Nicotiana glauca)S—糖蛋白对离体花粉管生长的影响

在已论述粉蓝烟草(Nicotiana glauca)花柱S—糖蛋白分离和测序的基础之上,本文报道了离体培养条件下,纯化的S—糖蛋白对花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响.在培养基中加入S—糖蛋白时,不同来源的花粉均能顺利萌发,但是同源花粉管生长却被特异性地抑制,而非同源花粉则能继续正常生长.在优化离体培养条件下,花粉管生长速率仍低于在活体上的生长速率.与对照相比,加入S—糖蛋白后,花粉管生长长度变异性增加.另外,即使绝大多数同源花粉管生长被S—糖蛋白所抑制,仍有个别花粉管继续正常生长,其原因需进一步探讨.     

“天潜沔 ” 地区杨树人工林胸径-树高生长模型研究

以天门、潜江、仙桃地区杨树人工林为研究对象,通过2O22年在该地区选取48块样地进行每木检尺,共测量731 株杨树的生长量情况,作为建模数据 。利用 R软件对胸径-树高模型进行拟合,选用9个常用的胸径-树高模型 。根据决定 系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）、残差平均和（SSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）、平均相对误差（MRE）和 Akaike信息量准则 （AIC）6个评价指标来确定最优模型,同时以天门、潜江、仙桃地区2O21年立地条件、初植密度基本 一 致的1O个杨树人工 林固定样地的胸径、树高数据为检验数据,检验最优模型的预测能力 。结果表明：在1~9号模型中,4号拟合效果最佳,其 模型表达式为 H=1. O41OD- O. O122D2,可以作为天门、潜江、仙桃地区杨树人工林胸径-树高基础模型。     

高产夏玉米镁的吸收与再分配研究

本文就高产条件下两种株型夏玉米在不同生育时期对镁的吸收、积累及镁在不同器官间的分配与再分配进行了分析。结果表明，玉米植株相对含镁量在一生中基本呈现前期高、后期低的变化趋势。植株吸收的镁在吐丝前主要分配到叶片、茎秆和叶鞘中，吐丝后镁的分配重点则转向籽粒。玉米对镁的吸收有２个高峰期，平展型品种分别在拔节至大喇叭口期和籽粒形成期；紧凑型品种分别在大喇叭口至吐丝期和灌浆始期。每形成百公斤籽粒吸收镁０．３８２～０．３９７ｋｇ。籽粒中的镁有３７．０６％～４４．０５％来自于其它器官镁的再分配。平展型品种向籽粒转移镁最多的器官是叶鞘和叶片，紧凑型品种向籽粒转移镁最多的器官是叶鞘、雄穗和叶片。     

图象处理系统及其在栎树叶片气孔器研究中的应用

本文说明了ＫＹ—ＥＭＩ—１型图象处理系统的组成、功能及其在生物学研究工作中的用途。将该系统与扫描电子显微镜联机对３种栎树气孔器的性状进行了观察、统计与分析，结果表明这是研究植物气孔器性状的一种迅速可行的方法。同时，阐述了３种栎树抗旱性与其气孔器特性之间的关系，认为气孔器特性可作为鉴定植物抗旱性的一种指标。     

用近红外光谱法测定大白菜的营养成分

选用来自我国主要产地的大白菜不同品种及不同成熟期等材料２４２份，进行常规成分的定标和检验。结果表明：粗蛋白、中性纤维、还原糖及维生素Ｃ的近红外（ＮＩＲ）法测值与化学法测值的复相关系数（ＭＲ）分别为０．９９５８、０．９８５２、０．９８２１和０．９８１４，定标的标准误差（ＳＥＣ）分别为０．３９８％、０．１３４％．０．０９８％和０．５１ｍｇ／１００ｇ。用一定数量的检验样品以４种成分化学法与近红外法进行比