高效功能陶粒生物滤池处理农村生活污水研究

利用粉煤灰、锯末和铁矿石等废弃物,经造粒和高温烧结,自行开发了两种高效功能陶粒,并将其与沸石以"砖墙"式嵌套填充,构筑了高效功能陶粒生物滤池.采用该生物滤池,研究对农村生活污水(COD:200mg·L-1,NH3-N:20mg·L-1,TP:4.0mg·L-1)的深度脱氮除磷作用.结果表明,高效功能陶粒具有表面粗糙,比表面积大,机械强度高,耐酸碱性能好和无重金属溶出等优点.该生物滤池上下部分分别形成好氧区和厌氧区,从而达到深度脱氮除磷效果.在水力停留时间(HRT)为2.15～5.73 h,水力负荷为2.8～7.5 m3·m-2·d-1时,两个生物滤池对氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD)均具有很好的去除效果,两个功能陶粒生物滤池的去除率分别达到83.6%～98.3%、89.1%～99.7%和84.4%～95.2%,优于普通生物滤池.     

钻井噪声与振动对鲤鱼生长的影响

采用剪标记法，现场模拟测定了钻井噪声与振动对鲤鱼生长的影响，研究结果表明，钻井噪声与振动对鲁鱼生长有显著影响，其临界等效噪声级和振动级约为８３．９dB和８９.7dB,影响域径约为９m，污染持续时间，体重和群居行为等生态因素，能显著改变钻井噪声与振动对鲤鱼生长的污染效应，由在污染消失后鲤鱼生长率能迅速恢复，这说明钻井噪声与振动鲤鱼的生长的污染效应，由于在污染消失后鲤鱼生长率能迅速恢复，这说明钻井噪声与振动对鲤鱼的影响机制可能是合理的。     

Growth and survival of three small abalone Haliotis diversicolor populations and their reciprocal crosses

The aquaculture industry of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor in southern China is now close to collapse because of high mortality at the grow-out stage. To examine if survival and growth (shell length increase) could be improved by cross breeding among populations, a 3 × 3 complete diallel cross was conducted among three populations from Japan (A), Taiwan (B) and Vietnam (C). Performances in growth rate and survival at early juvenile, later juvenile and grow-out stages were compared among the six reciprocal cross lines and three parental lines. Magnitude of heterosis for survival and growth varied among cross lines in the three growing stages. As to mid-parent heterosis, H _AB was significantly ( P <0.01) higher than H _AC and H _BC at all three growing stages for both growth and survival, and all mid-parent heterosis fell between the two corresponding single-parent heterosis. H _AB was 6.84% for shell length and 69.09% for survival at Day 420. Our results of high survival heterosis in line AB and line BA show that crossbreeding between different populations can benefit the small abalone breeding programs and the industry.     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

To investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus, a 56‐day feeding trial with five graded levels of dietary VC (D1: 11.69, D2: 34.89, D3: 59.10, D4: 114.26 and D5: 227.93 mg VC per kg of diet) was performed on 375 fish (triplicate groups of 25 fish per diet, initial weight 13.57 ± 0.09 g). Results showed that fish of D3 group exhibited the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) and the highest liver enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), which were consistent with the expression levels of cat and gsh‐px. Besides, the D3 group also showed higher contents of protein and lipid, and lower cooking loss, drip loss and malondialdehyde content in muscle than D1 group. The docosahexaenoic acid proportion in muscle increased with increasing dietary VC levels. Furthermore, the lowest expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (cpt1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα) were detected in livers of D3 group. The optimum dietary VC level was 49.73 mg/kg from the broken‐line analysis based on the SGR, in which better growth performance, antioxidative ability and flesh quality were observed in T. ovatus juveniles.     

2000－2018年广西植被时空变化及其对地形、气候和土地利用的响应

广西是典型的喀斯特地区,其生态系统非常脆弱。为评估广西植被时空变化特征及其影响因素,该研究基于2000－2018年MODIS数据,利用最大值合成和趋势分析等方法,分析广西植被NDVI时空变化特征;基于相关分析等方法,结合地形因子、气候因子和土地利用数据,探讨了植被NDVI对地形、气候变化和土地利用的响应。结果表明：1）2000－2018年广西植被NDVI呈增加趋势,但空间差异显著,表现为北高南低,边缘高中间低。2）随着高程的增加植被NDVI呈现先增加再减少的趋势;随着坡度的增加植被NDVI呈先增加至稳定再减小的趋势;除无坡向以外,坡向的不同对植被NDVI影响不大。3）广西2000－2018年气温和降水对植被NDVI为正影响,平均复相关系数达到0.32。在不同土地利用类型上,植被NDVI对气候的响应是不同的。研究结果揭示了广西植被时空变化特征及其对地形、气候和土地利用的响应,能够为广西可持续发展和生态环境建设提供决策支持。     

华北落叶松幼中龄林的生物量与碳汇功能

以华北落叶松为研究对象,通过样地调查,测定林分乔木层、灌木草本层、凋落物层的生物量,并运用重铬酸钾氧化法测定各组分的含碳率,对华北落叶松幼中龄林的生物量生产力、生物量转换因子、碳密度等进行了研究.结果表明:华北落叶松幼中龄林的生物量转换因子值在0.541 4～0.807 5之间变动,平均值为0.6569.18、22、38年生华北落叶松林乔木层地上总生物量分别为70.16、83.79、173.3 t/hm2,其中干材所占比例最大,灌木草本层的生物量为5.15、4.57、46.44 t/hm2,凋落物层的生物量为33.70、28.76、28.57 t/hm2.华北落叶松林乔木层、灌木草本层、凋落物层的平均碳密度分别为71.2200、9.5295、15.433 6t/hm2.     

Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in carnivorous marine teleosts: Insight into the profile of endogenous biosynthesis in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

Golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus is an important farmed carnivorous marine teleost. Although some enzymes for long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) biosynthesis have been identified, the ability of T. ovatus for endogenous biosynthesis is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vivo LC‐PUFA synthesis in a 56‐day culture experiment using six diets (D1–D6) formulated with linseed and soybean oils to produce dietary linolenic/linoleic acid (ALA/LA) ratios ranging from 0.14 to 2.20. The control diet (D0) used fish oil as lipid source. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding indices of fish fed D0, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate as well as the contents of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids in tissues (liver, muscle, brain and eye) of D1–D6 groups were significantly lower (p < .05). These data suggested that T. ovatus could not synthesize LC‐PUFA from C₁₈ PUFA or such ability was very low. However, tissue levels of 20:4n‐3 in fish fed diets D1–D6 were higher than that of D0 fish (p < .05), and positively correlated with dietary ALA/LA ratio, while levels of EPA showed no difference among the D1–D6 groups. These results indicated that Δ5 desaturation, required for the conversion of 20:4n‐3 to EPA, may be lacking or very low, suggesting incomplete LC‐PUFA biosynthesis ability in T. ovatus.     

虾池沉积物中3类主要细菌的垂直分布特征

采用平板涂布法和MPN法测定了虾池底质下 0到 30cm深度范围内 3类主要细菌类群的垂直分布情况。结果表明 ,底泥中细菌主要集中于 0到 5cm的表层范围内 ,随深度增加 ,数量急剧减少 ,至 30cm深处所测到菌量已很少。底泥中的总菌量随养殖时间推移 ,逐渐增加 ,到养殖中后期 ,表层菌量增加至 10 6CFU/g ,表层以下 10～2 0cm的总异养菌量和硝酸盐还原菌数量也增加至 10 5CFU/ g以上。弧菌仍集中于表层。细菌的垂直分布主要受各层有机物和溶解氧含量的影响     

低磷和铝毒胁迫下大豆γ-ECS和hGSHS基因的克隆及表达分析

以磷高效、耐铝毒的大豆双抗品种BX10为实验材料,采用1/5Hoagland营养液水培并进行低磷(-P)和铝毒(+Al)胁迫处理,收集胁迫后6h、2d和12 d的根叶材料,克隆大豆γ-ECS和hGSHS基因cDNA片段并测序验证,以大豆凝集素Lectin基因为内参基因,用半定量RT-PCR技术检测胁迫条件下大豆根和叶片中γ-ECS和hGSHS基因的表达情况,结果表明:低磷和铝毒胁迫均诱导了两个基因的表达,前期(2 d)增加幅度随着胁迫时间延长而增加,但胁迫后期(12 d)两个基因的表达在不同胁迫处理和组织间表现出不同的变化趋势,这些差异可能与胁迫的作用特性和hGSH合成酶的细胞定位有关.