Land Degradation Control Policies and Practices in Canada and Its Implications to China

Land degradation is one of the significant environmental problems in both China and Canada, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of national economy and society of both countries.This paper introduced some policies, regulations and department coordination mechanisms of land resource management,restoration/ rehabilitation of degraded land,forest resources management,agricultural environmental protection and mineral area land reclamation in Canada.Some practices,experiences and effects in land degradation control of Canada were listed and analyzed.Finally,it was suggested that the successful experiences of Canada in technology,policy and management for land degradation control should be learned for improving efficiency of land degradation in China’s western region.     

基于地域性的城市公园设计

文中从如何将地域性景观切入到公园的设计入手,通过相关理论研究得出地域性景观的主要组成要素,通过对相关案例分析提出基于地域性的公园景观的规划布局要点及设计手法。       

加拿大土地退化防治政策和措施及其对我国的启示

土地退化是中国和加拿大共同存在的重大环境问题之一,严重地威胁着两国社会和经济的可持续发展。文中在介绍加拿大的土地资源管理、退化土地恢复、森林资源管理、农业环境保护和矿区复垦等政策制度和部门协调机制的基础上,列举并分析加拿大实施的退化土地防治措施、经验和成效,指出我国应借鉴加拿大在技术、政策和管理等方面的经验,以提高我国西部地区土地退化防治效率。     

和田管花肉苁蓉种子不同方式接种试验比较

选择人工柽柳林开展了肉苁蓉接种试验,比较不同寄主质量对肉苁蓉接种率的影响、不同接种方法接种率差异和不同径级根系的接种效果。结果表明:在相同的寄主和管理条件下,种子浆沾根接种率高于种子纸接种;相同的管理条件和接种方法,树势旺盛的寄主接种率高;接种率与土壤墒情密切相关,合适的土壤墒情可提高接种率;接种沟内所有径级的根系均有接种成功的可能。     

空气动力艇的国内外生产与应用现状

空气动力艇(airboat)作为在水面或湿地区域运行的一种载运工具,在欧美的许多国家无论其设计、制造和应用都有着广泛的基础,特别是在湿地勘察、环保作业和旅游观光等方面。重点介绍空气动力艇的驱动原理、结构组成和应用领域,并对空气动力艇的国内外生产现状进行分析。尽管空气动力艇产业在国外的生产和应用已经非常成熟,但在我国无论生产和使用都是一片空白。因此,基于我国湿地保护与开发利用等需求,空气动力艇的研发与应用必将形成一个新的产业。     

记述中国蝴蝶新记录亚种

记述了中国2个蝴蝶新记录亚种,其中兰带枯叶蛱蝶云南亚种为枯叶蛱蝶属,采自云南省腾冲高黎贡山,研究标本保存于西南林业大学标本馆;云南矩环蝶马鞍底亚种为矩环蝶属,采自云南省红河州金平县马鞍底乡,研究标本保存于马鞍底中国·红河蝴蝶谷展览馆。     

油樟油细胞和粘液细胞发育的超微结构

利用超薄切片法和透射电镜研究油樟油细胞和粘液细胞发育过程。依据油细胞3层细胞壁的发育将其分为4个阶段。阶段1：仅有初生纤维素壁层，又可分为原始细胞和细胞液泡化二时期。质体内具白色小泡和黑色嗜饿滴，细胞质中有黑色或灰色的嗜饿物质，以及嗜饿物质与液泡的融合。阶段2：栓质化壁层的形成。片层状的栓质叠加在初生纤维素壁内侧。阶段3：内纤维素壁层的形成。较厚而结构松散的内纤维素壁层逐步形成，并叠加在栓质化壁层的内侧，大液泡成为充满嗜饿油脂的油囊。阶段4：油细胞成熟及细胞质解体。杯形构造由内纤维素壁层向细胞腔内突起形成，油囊由液泡包被连接到杯形构造中。解体的细胞质变得电子不透明或呈杂乱状态。粘液细胞发育方式有两种：一种是由内纤维素形成以后的油细胞发育而来，其细胞质中不断产生以同心圆或螺旋线方式排列的多膜结构，并充满整个细胞腔，最后多膜结构解体而成为丝状或颗粒状的粘液；另一种是由已完全成熟的油细胞发育而来，其油囊中的油呈不均匀的状态，并产生局部降解点，逐步扩大，最后油完全降解成颗粒成或丝状的粘液。     

基于Daubechies小波分析的汽车电控发动机失火故障诊断信息提取

采用Daubechies （dbN）小波分析方法,对汽车电控发动机的瞬时转速信号进行降噪处理与分析.应用Matlab中的一维小波分析函数,对汽车电控发动机瞬时转速信号进行不同阶数和层数的拟合效果分析,并确定出使原始转速信号失真较小的拟合消失矩阶数（10阶）和层数（3层）;基于发动机瞬时转速的平均值M、瞬时转速的标准差Sd、变异系数作为特征值以及发动机转速数据频率分布图的特点,对电控发动机产生失火状态的故障识别的明显性进行比较.研究结果表明,常用的发动机失火故障的诊断仅是利用断缸法识别转速的变化,而采用dbN小波分析方法可以有效的提取明显表征电控发动机失火故障状态的变异系数及发动机转速数值主频分布特点等信息,可进一步增强对失火故障的识别程度和诊断的准确性.     

基于声信号的供气管道阀门泄漏监测与定位系统研究

对供气管道阀门泄漏监测与定位系统进行基于声信号的研究,结合GPRS/GSM网络平台的长距离传输方式设计出可实现定位反馈功能的系统架构模型。文中详述系统的组成及内部连接方式并对传感器固定装置进行设计,利用不同材质管道泄漏孔声信号频率分析表设计出系统运行过程框图。系统应用的自动化监测模式对管道阀门泄漏监测与定位起重要意义。     

Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of Picea morrisonicola growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan

From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of needles all increased from mid or late spring to early winter. Even when minimum air temperature of the measuring day dropped to near 0 degrees C, Pnsat remained at about 20% of the highest value observed in winter. There was a curvilinear relationship between Fv/Fm and the minimum or mean air temperature of the measuring day. The increase in Fv/Fm with temperature was slowed when the daily mean air temperature was above 7 degrees C, or the minimum air temperature was above 3 degrees C; however, when air temperatures dropped below these values, Fv/Fm varied sharply. Seasonal variations in Pnsat paralleled those in Fv/Fm and needle soluble protein concentration. In early or mid spring when air temperature and Fv/Fm increased, Pnsat and soluble protein concentration remained low. Multiple regression analysis showed that seasonal variations in Pnsat were affected by Fv/Fm, air temperature and needle soluble protein concentration, and the multiple regression equation could be used to estimate Pnsat in different seasons. We conclude that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce in winter and its subsequent recovery in spring were mainly caused by photoinhibition and its reversal, and changes in needle soluble protein concentration. Another possible explanation for the delayed recovery of photosynthetic capacity in spring may be associated with the slow increase in needle soluble protein concentration.