秈粳稻杂交育种研究

作者研究了秈粳杂种的生育特性及结实性等经济性状的遗传变异,认为以出穗期为主要指标进行选择,结合其他性状的变异动态,逐步确立优良系统,有助于提高选择的效率,和建立较为合理的杂交育种程序与方法。     

影响大容量纤维测试仪测试精度的因素分析与控制

皮棉样品的轧花方式会带来纤维样品的加工误差,样品的整理和制样水平会影响纤维品质测试结果的重复性;实验室温湿环境条件控制、样品平衡时间、马克隆值试样称见质量、仪器间台差、人为误差是纤维品质实验室测试环节容易产生误差的主要因素。经大量试验验证和跟踪对比,提出了有效提高测试精度的控制措施。     

The effect of cyclopiazonic acid on the development of pale, soft, and exudative pork from pigs of defined malignant hyperthermia genotype

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) are each associated with abnormal calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle, a key underlying factor in the development of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork. To determine whether the natural presence of CPA in livestock feed ingredients contributes to the varying incidence of PSE in the pork industry, various levels of CPA (.1 to 50 mg/kg of diet) were included in the diets of market weight hogs (n = 52) of defined malignant hyperthermia genotype (NN = normal, Nn = a MH carrier, and nn = MH-positive). Animals with two copies of the MH mutation (nn) displayed improved live animal performance compared with NN and Nn animals (increased feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency) but yielded lower quality loin chops as indicated by lower 45-min pH (P<.01), higher Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L* color coordinate values (P<.05), and higher drip losses (P<.01). The effects of CPA varied. In the first feeding trial, conducted under normal outside temperatures (2 degrees C), CPA had no effect (P> .2) on either live animal performance or meat quality. During the second trial, conducted under extreme outside temperatures (-18 degrees C), CPA-dependent reductions (P<.05) in feed intake, average daily gain, and 45-min pH in nn hogs support the possibility of interactions between malignant hyperthermia and dietary CPA on skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis and the development of PSE pork. These results suggest that this interaction may require stressful environmental conditions or the ingestion of CPA doses much higher than occur under natural conditions.     

北京栽培白蘑菇病害的研究

 1979~1980年进行箱式栽培白蘑菇的试验,并同时调查对比病害发生情况,和采用各种措施的效果。     

影响根系分解因素(N、C/N、温度和水分)的研究

采用埋袋法研究了影响根系分解的内在(N浓度及C/N)和外界(温度和水分)因素。回归分析结果表明,根系分解率与初始N浓度正相关,与C/N负相关;林地内温度和水分条件不同,也影响根系分解率;分解150 d后未伐林地根系分解最快。     

抗寒李新品种公主红的选育

公主红李是以跃进李实生播种选育出的中早熟新品种。果实扁圆形,果皮盖色红色,底色黄绿,果肉黄色,肉质松软,汁液含量多,纤维细,半离核,果顶平,缝合线浅。平均单果质量56.8 g,平均可溶性固形物含量（w,后同）16.4%,可溶性糖含量7.93%,可滴定酸含量0.92%,类黄酮含量67.27 mg·100 g-1、花青素含量14.05 mg·100 g-1、类胡萝卜素39.21 mg·100 g-1。公主岭地区4月下旬开花。在吉林地区露地栽培8月上旬果实成熟。果实发育期95 d左右。可在吉林省无霜期≥130 d,≥10℃有效积温2800℃以上地区引种试栽。     

松墨天牛肠道BS16基因组及其纤维素酶活特性分析

蜡状芽孢杆菌BS16是从松墨天牛肠道筛选获得的1株具有纤维素酶活性的细菌,为了解BS16的菌株基因组特性及其纤维素降解功能,采用扫描电镜、基因组学分析、DNS法探究BS16的形态特征、纤维素酶解基因、纤维素酶活。结果表明：BS16的细胞为胶囊状,长为3～4 µm,直径为0.5～1.2 µm;蜡状芽孢杆菌BS16基因组全长5 347 914 bp,包含5 494个基因,其中包括5 338个蛋白质编码基因、11个rRNA基因、102个tRNA基因和17个sRNA基因;BS16基因组中主要由GH4、GH5、GH8、GH13家族编码纤维素酶;蜡状芽孢杆菌BS16具有完整的纤维素酶系,在其分泌的纤维素酶中内切葡聚糖酶活性最高为（2.186 ± 0.081）U/mL,其内切葡聚糖酶的酶活性最适pH值为5.0、最适温度为40 ℃。     

Stem canker and wilt of delphinium caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. delphinii in Japan

Stem canker and severe wilt were observed on delphinium plants (Delphinium elatum) in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, in 2008. The fungus isolated from the diseased crown was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. delphinii on the basis of morphological characteristics, nucleotide sequences, and host range. The isolate induced similar stem canker and wilt symptoms in inoculated delphinium plants. We propose the name “stem canker and wilt” for the disease.     

饲粮代谢能水平对14～17周龄不同性别北京油鸡育肥期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对14～17周龄不同性别北京油鸡育肥期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响,为确定北京油鸡适宜饲粮代谢能水平提供依据。本试验严格按照完全随机区组试验设计进行。选取13周龄北京油鸡600只,公母各占1/2,根据体重一致原则随机分为6组,其中3个组均为公鸡,另外3个组均为母鸡,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。3个组分别为低代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为12.20 MJ/kg）、中代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为12.64 MJ/kg）、高代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为13.08 MJ/kg）。预试期1周,正试期4周（14～17周龄）。结果显示：1）高代谢能组公鸡和母鸡的平均日增重显著高于其他2组（P <0.05）,且高代谢能组母鸡的料重比显著低于其他2组（P <0.05）,饲粮代谢能水平为13.08 MJ/kg时公鸡和母鸡有较好的生长性能。2）公鸡方面,低代谢能组的腿肌率显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）;母鸡方面,低代谢能组的全净膛率显著高于高代谢能组（P<0.05）,翅膀率显著低于高代谢能组（P <0.05）。低代谢能组公鸡和母鸡的皮脂...     

不同泌乳阶段对荷斯坦牛干物质采食量和钙磷消化率的影响

试验研究了不同泌乳阶段荷斯坦牛干物质采食量和钙、磷表观消化率的变化趋势。结果表明:泌乳9月、5月奶牛干物质采食量显著高于泌乳1月奶牛(P<0.05);泌乳1月、2月奶牛产奶量显著高于泌乳5月、9月奶牛;泌乳期内不同泌乳阶段对奶牛Ca、P表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05),泌乳1月和2月奶牛Ca、P表观消化率显著高于泌乳5月和9月(P<0.05)。