寄生小蜂对小青×黑杨树皮及杨圆蚧挥发油的行为反应

Four-armed airflow olfactometer was used to determining the foraging behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) andEncarsia gigas (Tshumakova) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to the essential oils which emitted from the healthy bark ofPopulus pseudo-simonii×P. nigra, the infested bark injured byQuadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem & Gerneck), the body and scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas. The results from these experiments showed that the volatile oils produced from the injured bark and from the scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph had a higher attractive ability to female adults of the two species of wasps. The essential oil produced from the scale of the pest at dosages of 3–7 μL and the essential oil emitted by injured bark at dosages of 5–9 μL had a stronger alluring effect on the host searching behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava. The essential oil from the body of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas also had certain effect on the host locating effort ofPteroptrix longgiclava andEncarsia gigas. Those two wasps did not shown any reaction to the essential oil produced by the healthy bark of poplar. Foundation item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39970620) and the “TRAPOYT” Biography: CHI De-fu (1962-), male, Ph.D., Professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi contributes to the survival of tree seedlings in a copper mine tailing

To advance our understanding of the effects of inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) on seedling colonization in mine wastelands, we conducted a field experiment in a copper tailing. Six-month-old seedlings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus variabilis) separately inoculated with three EMF species (Pisolithus sp., Cenococcum geophilum, Laccaria laccata) were transplanted to the copper tailing. The survival rates of tree seedlings were monitored monthly, and growth (biomass and height), contents of nutrients and heavy metals (K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn), and mycorrhizal infection rates of seedlings were determined 6 months after planting. Oak seedlings exhibited higher survival rates than pine seedlings after 6 months of growth on the tailing. EMF inoculations of pine seedlings significantly enhanced their survival, growth, and nutrient uptake. In contrast, EMF inoculations of oak seedlings improved growth only in terms of biomass. Additionally, EMF inoculation caused pine seedlings to accumulate more Cu and Zn in roots compared to non-inoculated seedlings, whereas inoculation inhibited the accumulation of heavy metals in shoots. However, similar results were not observed in oak seedlings. Observations of roots indicated that the rates of mycorrhizal infection of both tree species had dramatically declined at harvest time. In conclusion, ectomycorrhizal symbioses can improve the survival and performance of pine seedlings in mine tailings. The present study provided direct evidence of the importance of EMF inoculation of seedlings to the reforestation of mine wastelands.     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

黄牛睾丸特异乳酸脱氢酶-C基因选择性剪接体的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法从黄牛睾丸组织中克隆睾丸特异乳酸脱氢酶.C(LDH-C)基因的cDNA序列,结果发现2种Ldhc剪接体,根据Ldhc基因在进化上的保守性,参照普通牛Ldhc基因结构分析了黄牛Ldhc基因的选择性剪接体的结构,结果显示,剪接体存在外显子缺失:其中剪接体1缺失第7个外显子,剪接体2缺失第4和第7两个外显子.因为LDH-CA酶的NAD+结合结构域由Ldhc的外显子2-4编码,酶的活性中心由外显子4编码.所以剪接体1包含完整酶的NAD+结合结构域和酶的活性中心,剪接体2失去了大部分NAD+结合结构域和酶的活性中心.对黄牛睾丸组织和精子LDH同工酶的电泳分析未检测到潜在的Ldhc剪接体的表达,推测睾丸组织Ldhc选择性剪接的功能是调控该基因在睾丸中表达的方式之一.     

华中世纪星数控系统车床程序屏蔽的使用方法

在华中世纪星数控车床上用G71粗车复合循环程序加工凸凹件的配合过程中,因凸凹配合件尺寸过大或者过小,需要再加工来满足配合要求,此时若屏蔽G71粗车复合循环程序段,之后加工精加工程序段就能满足配合要求,这样就能减少空运行加工时间,从而大大提高工件加工效率。     

土壤参数监测系统的设计与实现

针对目前我国土壤参数监测存在的问题,设计了一套土壤参数综合监测系统.通过应用数据采集卡与PLC串行通信相结合的方式实现了数据的检测以及自动存取,在数据处理时采用Delphi6.0本身功能及桌面地理信息系统软件Arcview实现了统计图生成、报表打印、分布图生成等功能.     

吉林省农村饮水安全工程运行管理现状及对策研究

为了确保吉林省农村饮水安全工程稳定、持久、安全运行,通过分析吉林省农村安全饮水工程建设情况、运行管理现状及存在问题,提出加强饮水安全工程建后管理、加强水源保护、加强社会化服务体系建设、加强水质检验和监测、解决农村供水用电问题、落实水费财政补贴制度等对策。     

Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the Qinling Mountains

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the Qinling Mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the Qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.     

用于机械系统人机界面匹配研究的人体模型

从最基本的肢体着手,分析了肢体与整个人体模型的关系,采用面向对象的继承方法,构造了一个完整的三维人体模型,该人体模型可以构造出任意的姿态,并以空间的任意角度方位显示在屏幕上。人体模型内部带有数据库,用它构造出的人体模型在三维尺寸上符合国家标准ＧＢ１００００－８８“中国成年人人体尺寸”的要求。因此,用该人体模型可以方便地进行人体操纵动作模拟、姿态研究、人机系统的操作界面分析。