海南北部地区热带雨林的组成特征

在海南东北部农村周边植物调查过程中,发现了分布在这一区域的青梅林。基于与海南其他热带雨林的植物区系成分和群落结构的比较,认为此青梅林是海南东北部原有森林的幸存者,与海南现有的典型热带雨林属一个类型,是海南北部地区热带雨林幸存的活证据,所不同的是次生性强,优势种明显。     

燃油锅炉房设计的探讨

本文介绍了燃油锅炉的自身特点,替代燃煤锅炉的优越性,探讨了燃油锅炉设计中应严格执行规范规定以及应注意的几个问题,阐明燃油锅炉设计将为暖通设计开辟新的领域。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCOTCH PINE NEEDLE RUST AND HOST CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT

PhotoSynthe3isisaprocessofaccumulat-ingorganicmaterialsinthylakoidmembranesofgreenplantchloroplast.Whentheleavesofgreenplantaredestroyedbysomefactor,chlo-rophyllcontentwillchange,whichcanaffeetorganicmaterialsaccumulatonandharmtreegrowth.TherearesomerePortsonrelationshipbetWeentreechlorophyllcontentanddifferentstandsmictUre,differentsiteconditionanddifferentgrowthperiod,buttherePOrtsontreedisease,especiallytheeffectsofneedlesrustonchlorophyllcontCnthavenotbeenseen.lntl1isstUd3,thechlorophyl…     

柿树幼树安全越冬技术措施

我国北方地区年降水量较小,冬季寒冷干燥,初春少雨多风,蒸发量大,而柿树幼树年生长量大 ,枝条髓部中宽,组织疏松,保水性差,枝条易蒸发失水,导致"抽条",给柿树建园造成困难.因此,幼树能否安全越冬是柿树生产建园中一个问题.     

筋骨草内昆虫蜕皮激素类似物对杨干象的杀虫作用

从不同地点、不同时间采集的多花筋骨草植株不同部位中提取出昆虫蜕皮激素类似物,通过向幼虫人工饲料中添加昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的方法,研究了筋骨草中植物源蜕皮激素对杨干象2龄幼虫的杀虫作用。实验结果表明:(1)在人工饲料中加入1-3 ml的筋骨草提取物,在24天内可以杀死 58%~100%的幼虫;(2)从开花前的筋骨草中提取出的物质的杀虫效果明显优于从花期和开花后的植物中提取出的物质的杀虫作用, 其1 mL、2 mL和3 mL剂量全株提取物的杀虫效果分别达到65.22%、85.07%和98.11%(幼虫校正死亡率);(3)植株的根部提取的昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的杀虫效果要比茎部或叶部提取的好,1 mL、2 mL、3 mL剂量提取物的杀虫效果分别达到100%、98.20%和98.32%;(4)筋骨草提取物的杀虫速度较慢,处理杨干象2龄幼虫16天后杀虫率才超过50%;(5)幼虫取食加有筋骨草提取物的饲料时间长短直接影响幼虫死亡率,16天的取食,幼虫死亡率达到80%以上。筋骨草采集地点和填加植物源蜕皮激素的方式对杀虫效果的影响较小。图3表3参21。     

不同代谢能、粗蛋白和粗纤维水平对太湖鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

为探索不同能量、蛋白和粗纤维水平对太湖鹅生长发育和屠宰性能的影响,将3种营养成分在不同饲养阶段均采用单因子设计,分为高、中、低3种水平。育雏期(0~4周龄)粗蛋白为17%、19%和21%;代谢能为10.5、11.0和11.5 MJ/kg;粗纤维为3.5%、5.0%和6.5%。育肥期(5~11周龄)粗蛋白为15.5%、16.5%和17.5%;代谢能为10.00、10.65和11.75 MJ/kg;粗纤维为5.0%、6.5%和8.5%。每种营养成分在分成3种水平时,其它营养成分为中等水平,营养成分相同的3个中等水平组合并为一组。将刚出壳雏鹅随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复100只,公母各半。每组饲喂不同营养水平的日粮,观测各组增重、饲料转化比和屠宰性能。结果表明:在育雏期中等蛋白组增重显著大于其它组(P0.05),低蛋白组饲料转化比显著大于高蛋白组(P0.05);不同代谢能水平增重和饲料转化比差异均不显著(P0.05);不同粗纤维水平增重差异不显著(P0.05),高粗纤维组的饲料转化比显著大于其它组(P0.05)。在育肥期不同蛋白水平增重差异不显著(P0.05),各组间饲料转化比差异均显著(P0.05),低蛋白组最低,中等蛋白组最高;中等代谢能组增重显著高于其它组(P0.05),高代谢能组饲料转化比显著小于低代谢能组(P0.05);不同粗纤维水平的增重和饲料转化比差异均显著(P0.05),且均为中等粗纤维组最好,高粗纤维组最差。屠宰测定结果显示,仅见低能组的胸肌率显著高于高、中能组(P0.05),其它指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。建议太湖鹅育雏期日粮采用19%粗蛋白质、10.50 MJ/kg代谢能和3.5%粗纤维为宜;育肥期日粮采用15.5%粗蛋白、10.65 MJ/kg代谢能和6.5%粗纤维为宜。     

Influence of Delipation on the Energy Metabolism in Pig Parthenogenetically Activated Embryos

This study was designed not only to measure the effect of delipation on the developmental viability of pig parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos, but also to evaluate the changes of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and gene (Acsl3, Acadsb, Acaa2, Glut1) expression level at different stages after delipation. Results showed that no effect was observed on the cleavage ability, but significant lower blastocyst rate was obtained in delipated embryos. Copy number of mtDNA decreased gradually from MII to four‐cell stages and subsequently kept consistent with blastocyst stage both in delipated and control embryos, but the copy number of mtDNA in delipated embryos was similar to that in the control groups no matter at which developmental stage was observed. Both in delipated and control embryos, ATP content progressive decreased from one‐cell to blastocyst stages, while just at one‐cell stage, a significant decrease of ATP level was observed in delipated embryos compared with that of control. The level of ROS increased obviously after delipation at cleavage stage, but no difference was seen at blastocyst stage. Finally, the expression level of genes related to fatty acids beta‐oxidation (Acadsb and Acaa2) was decreased, while the expression level of genes related to glucose metabolism (Glut 1) was upregulated after delipation. In conclusion, the reduction of lipids in pig oocytes will affect the developmental competence of pig PA embryos by disturbed energy metabolism and ROS stress.     

Intramammary infusion of an Enterococcus faecium SF68 preparation promoted the involution of drying off Holstein cows partly related to neutrophil‐associated matrix metalloproteinase 9

A problem for dairy cows following milk stasis is to cope with a high risk of intramammary infection and there is a need to initiate an extensive renewal of secretory modules in mammary glands so that milk production in next lactation may be optimized. We recently reported that ultrasonicated Enterococcus faecium SF68 (SF68) is compatible with cow mammary glands and an enhancer of innate immunity during the immediate post‐milk stasis period. The current study further examines the concomitant effect of ultrasonicated SF68 on mammary tissue remodeling. Four Holstein cows each received intramammary infusions of regular antibiotic dry‐cow formula (positive control) and two different doses of SF68 in different quarters. Analyses of individual quarter secretion samples showed faster neutrophil infiltration, earlier modifications in protein composition, including caseins and lactoferrins, as well as more prompt elevation of the specific unit of 92‐kDa matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in SF68‐infused quarters compared to the positive controls. Intramammary infusion of ultrasonicated SF68 seems able to accelerate the regression of mammary synthetic capacity and potentiate the breakdown of glandular extracellular matrix, indicating a more efficient mammary gland involution. Correlation analyses imply that the ability of ultrasonicated SF68 to induce faster neutrophil chemotaxis and the associated MMP9 release is partly responsible.     

亚麻纤维脱胶技术及在复合材料领域的应用与研究进展

亚麻(Linum usitatissimum L.)是一种古老的作物,在人类历史上扮演着重要的角色。为了研究亚麻纤维作为可再生材料在生产生活中的应用,综述了亚麻纤维的生物学特性、亚麻纤维脱胶方法与表面改良技术的最新研究进展及其在复合材料领域中的应用,探讨了亚麻纤维的应用前景,旨在为亚麻相关的研究提供理论基础。     

油松建筑材密度管理图的编制及其应用

针对建筑材目的油松人工林经营措施,探讨不同生长发育阶段油松人工林密度调控下蓄积变化,为森林可持续经营提供科学依据。对河北平泉阳坡中土、阴坡中土和阴坡厚土3种主要立地类型的全生命周期油松人工林编制密度管理图,得出培育小、中、大径级建筑材措施。结果表明:河北油松建筑材林的培育,阳坡中土培育小径材、阴坡中土和阴坡厚土培育中大径材,期间经过2~3次间伐以达到高效培育的目的。阳坡中土林分,初植密度3 000~3 300株/hm2,10年生间伐强度12%,15年生强度20%,25年生强度25%,主伐时树高级为9~11 m,培育小径材。阴坡中土林分,初植密度2 700~3 000株/hm2,9年生间伐强度25%,19年生强度30%,主伐时树高级为9~11 m,培育中径材;初植密度2 200~2 500株/hm2,9年生间伐强度20%,17年生强度25%,27年生强度30%,主伐时树高级为11~13 m,培育大径材。阴坡厚土林分,初植密度2 000~2 300株/hm2,7年生间伐强度20%,15年生强度30%,主伐时树高级为11~13 m,培育中径材;初植密度1 000~1 200株/hm2,7年生间伐强度20%,13年生强度20%,23年生强度25%,主伐时树高级为13~15 m,培育大径材。