2014年畜禽生产：猪鸡稳定牛羊向好——辽宁省畜牧业生产形势及后期预测

本文从价格、生产、市场等方面对2013年辽宁省畜牧业发展的总体情况进行研究,对产生情况的原因进行了分析。对2014年畜牧业生产形势的发展分析预测,明确指出未来生猪、蛋鸡、肉鸡、肉牛和肉羊品种未来的发展方向及养殖意见,对养殖户具有现实指导意义。     

Effects of beta-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, and immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of beta-glucan supplementation on pig performance and immune function. In Exp. 1, 100 weaned pigs (8.65 +/- 0.42 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment to determine the effects of graded levels of beta-glucan. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments containing beta-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm. Each treatment was replicated using 5 pens containing 4 pigs per pen. The ADG of pigs between d 14 to 28 and d 0 to 28 responded to dietary beta-glucan in a quadratic fashion (P < 0.05), whereas beta-glucan had no effect on ADFI and G:F in any period. In Exp. 2, 80 crossbred pigs (8.23 +/- 0.56 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan in the diet) using 10 pens with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs treated with beta-glucan had greater ADG in the 14- to 28-d (P = 0.05) and 0-to 28-d (P = 0.035) periods. The ADFI of pigs receiving beta-glucan was increased (P < 0.05) in the periods from 0 to 14, 0 to 28, and 28 to 35 d. The lymphocyte proliferation index in response to phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.051) and concanavalin A (P = 0.052) tended to decrease on d 14 in pigs supplemented with beta-glucan compared with pigs without supplementation. In Exp. 3, 24 barrows (8.89 +/- 0.20 kg of BW and 28 d of age) were used to investigate the immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial, with the main effects of LPS challenge (saline vs. LPS) and dietary addition of beta-glucan (0 vs. 50 ppm). Pigs were raised individually in metabolic cages. Pigs were fed 0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan for 28 d and then challenged with LPS (25 microg/kg of BW) or saline. After LPS injection, blood was obtained at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 h to determine cytokine production and the somatotropic response. Dietary beta-glucan increased plasma interleukin-6 at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 3 and 4.5 h and increased plasma interleukin-10 from 3 to 7.5 h after LPS challenge. The beta-glucan treatments had no effect on growth hormone. In conclusion, beta-glucan can selectively influence performance and partially offer benefits on somatotropic axis and immune function in weaned piglets challenged with LPS.     

酮病奶牛血清中NO含量及NOS活性变化的研究

为了深入研究酮病的发生机理,选择荷斯坦奶牛作实验动物,应用酮粉法和改良式水杨醛比色法随机检测分组,Ⅰ组为10头阳性牛、Ⅱ组为10头对照牛。应用硝酸还原酶法测定血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。实验结果表明对照组奶牛血清中的NO含量及NOS活性均显著大于阳性组。由此可知,酮病可导致奶牛血清中NO含量降低、NOS活性下降。     

甘肃高山细毛羊妊娠母羊营养需要量估测

借助其他品种绵羊营养需要的一些研究方法,结合甘肃高山细毛羊四季牧草干物质采食量、营养物质摄入量、采食牧草营养成分、牧草营养物质消化率以及生产相关数据,采用析因法估测甘肃高山细毛羊能量和蛋白质需要量:成年母羊维持代谢能需要量为6.58 MJ/d(每kg代谢体重维持代谢能需要为0.417 MJ/W^0.75),维持蛋白质需要量107.62 g/d;妊娠前期代谢能需要量为12.54 MJ/d,粗蛋白质需要量125.19 g/d;妊娠后期代谢能需要量为12.86 MJ/d,粗蛋白质需要量为146 g/d;通过对比研究表明,甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊钙需要量约为8.22~9.61 g/d,磷需要量为4.98~5.87 g/d,食盐需要量为9~16 g/d。     

微生态制剂在养殖业上的应用

随着科学的发展和社会的进步,在畜牧生产上使用抗生素的弊端不断显露出来,人们迫切声要寻找一种抗生素的替代产品,在能够提高动物生产性能的同时又健康环保。微生态制剂由此应运而生。它以其安全无害、无残留、不产生耐药性的优势成为各国学者研究的热点。文章主要介绍了微生态制剂的作用机理及其在养殖业上的应用现状。     

皖西南地区春播牧草的适应性研究

对皖西南地区春播的9个牧草品种的适应性,草产量和营养成分进行分析,结果表明:墨西哥玉米、菊苣、杂交狼尾草、甜高粱产量高,干草产量和鲜草产量均在95 t/hm2和15 t/hm2以上,适应性强,品质优良,适合在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。苦荬菜和籽粒苋产量中等,蛋白质含量高达22%以上,青绿多汁,适口性好,可以做为优质牧草在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。饲用玉米、皖草2号、苏丹草产量较低,鲜草产量均在70 t/hm2以下,饲用玉米无再生性,皖草2号、苏丹草在高温条件下病虫害严重,种植时应该注意病虫害防治。     

家蚕B型清道夫受体基因的鉴定及系统发生与表达分析

B型清道夫受体(SR-B)是清道夫受体超基因家族成员,参与机体的脂类代谢、动脉粥样硬化形成或保护、宿主免疫损害防御、凋亡细胞清除和细胞粘附等重要生命过程。基于家蚕全基因组数据,利用比较基因组学方法,鉴定获得了14个家蚕B型清道夫受体基因,这些基因分布在至少5条染色体上,其内含子的大小从几十到近万个碱基对。系统发生分析表明,14个家蚕B型清道夫受体基因分布在3个类群:第1类群中分布的9个基因和第3类群中分布的3个基因,分别与类群中其它昆虫的同源基因形成明显的直系同源关系;第2类群中分布有2个基因,此类群中不同昆虫的同源基因之间的进化关系较为复杂。EST数据和芯片数据分析表明,多数家蚕B型清道夫受体基因具有转录活性。RT-PCR检测结果显示,有8个家蚕B型清道夫受体基因在5龄第3天幼虫组织中表达,并具有不同的表达模式,推测这些基因可能行使不同的功能。研究结果为进一步诠释家蚕B型清道夫受体基因的功能奠定了基础。     

家蚕肾形卵的荧光差异显示分析

Liang等建立的mRNA的荧光差异显示法 (flourescentdifferentialdisplay,FDD)具有高效、安全、有用信息多等特点。利用这一方法在mRNA水平上探讨了肾形卵 (ki)与正常卵在初期胚胎阶段的基因表达 ,回收了差异片段 10条 ,并对其差异进行了验证。其中之一的片段序列分析表明为低分子量热激蛋白基因 (smallheatshockgene)。     

Proteomics analysis of preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers

ABSTRACT

1. Reducing excessive chicken body fat deposition is a main goal of the poultry industry. Preadipocytes are important in adipose tissue growth and development.

2. To discover proteins related to chicken fat deposition, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in preadipocytes derived from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF).

3. A total of 46 differentially expressed protein spots were found in the preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis showed the protein spots corresponded to 33 different proteins. The proteins were mainly related to biological oxidation, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, molecular chaperone, protein synthesis and signal transduction.

4. From the perspective of protein expression, these results lay a foundation for further study of the genetic mechanism of broiler adipose tissue growth and development.