A new species of Taeniacanthus (Copepoda: Taeniacanthidae) parasitic on two pufferfish species, Marilyna meraukensis and M. darwinii (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae), from Australia

A new species of Taeniacanthidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida), Taeniacanthus kiemae sp. n., is described based on adult female and male specimens collected from the branchial cavity wall of Marilyna meraukensis (de Beaufort) and M. darwinii (Castelnau) (Teleostei, Tetraodontidae) caught in Australian waters. The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters in the adult female: (1) maxilla armed with a stout terminal process and two small elements; (2) multiple rows of spinules on the large pectinate process of the antenna; (3) an extremely long and thin maxilliped claw; (4) second exopodal segment of leg 1 with eight setae; (5) third exopodal segment of leg 3 with three spines and four setae; (6) third exopodal segment of leg 4 with three spines and two setae; and (7) each spine on the free exopodal segment of leg 5 with a subterminal flagellum. Taeniacanthus kiemae is the second copepod species reported from M. meraukensis and M. darwinii and the first taeniacanthid species reported from pufferfishes in Australia.     

第13届国际土壤学会会议概况

1986年8月13—20日在联邦德国的汉堡会议中心召开了第13届国际土壤学会会议,与会代表有来自82个国家共1,253人,提交论文894篇,大会报告了8篇,共分4册出版。会议期间,学术交流内容丰富,形式多样,并组织代表们到荷兰、瑞士、奥地利等国分14条路线进行土壤考察旅行,还参观了国际遥感培训中心(ITC)国际土壤资料与信息中心(ISRIC)。我国实际到会代表共35人,提交论文39篇,在会议上宣读了20篇。第14届国际土壤学会会议定于1990年在日本召开。会后将组织代表到中国进行土壤考察。     

我国北方地区奶牛场粪便中温厌氧消化装置试验研究

本文通过对300米³中温发酵装置的运转试验,分析研究了奶牛粪便产气量与干物质浓度、池温的关系;中温运行耗能及输出能的影响因素。通过对试验的研究分析,得出了本装置消化器保温性能、运行温度、环境温度对输出能的影响,并评价了装置的合理性。     

水稻温敏不育系育性鉴定及繁种水温处理系统的设计和应用

水稻温敏不育系育性敏感期处于某种温度条件下表现雄性不育，与父本可配制杂交种；处于另一温度条件下则可育，能自交繁殖种子。使不育过渡到可育的育性转换温度决定着两系法杂交稻制种风险的大小。因此，确定水稻温敏不育系的育性转换温度，筛选导致不育起点温度低的温敏不育系已成为水稻两系法育种的技术关键。本研究的处理系统利用空调机制冷、加热，温控仪自动控温，水温在17～30℃之间可调。水温控制池与植株处理池中的水不断循环，从而达到植株处理池中的水温长期稳定，保持在研究所需要的范围内，完全能满足温敏不育系育性鉴定与繁种的要求     

苏北滨海盐渍土的形成和演化

为了加速滨海盐渍土的垦殖和改良利用,建设高产稳产的农业生产基地,必须弄清滨海盐渍土的形成演化规律,提高我们认识自然,改造自然的自觉性,减少片面性和盲目性.     

Effect of pectolytic enzyme preparations on the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of asparagus juice

Commercial pectolytic enzymes were investigated for their influence on phenolics and antioxidant activities of asparagus juice. The antioxidant activity of asparagus juice was analyzed according to 2,2'-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods. The enzymes, with the exception of pectinase from Rhizopus sp., contained rutinase, which hydrolyzed rutin to quercetin. Asparagus juice treated with Viscozyme had the highest quercetin content without exhibiting a significant increase in the antioxidant activity. For a pectinase from Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity of asparagus juice was markedly reduced. Caution should be paid in the selection of pectolytic enzyme preparations for production of antioxidant activity-rich juice.     

利用秸秆堆肥过程处理猪场废水的研究

进行了以玉米秆、稻草、麦秆为载体吸收猪场废水的堆肥发酵试验，以探讨利用堆肥过程处理猪场废水的可行性。结果表明：秸秆与猪场废水联合堆肥发酵可以有效地处理利用猪场废水，秸秆吸收利用粪水的吸水比为1∶5.94～1∶6.65。秸秆吸收猪粪水堆肥的温度以及50℃、55℃以上持续时间比吸收猪粪水厌氧消化液的高。玉米秆、稻草堆肥温度以及50℃、55℃以上的持续时间高于麦秆的堆肥。以玉米秆、稻草为载体的堆肥，经历了一个pH下降的酸化过程，然后再上升至8以上；以麦秆为载体的堆肥几乎一直处于酸化过程中。堆肥过程中氮、磷、钾是一个累加的过程。以稻草为载体的堆肥，其钾的含量明显高于其余两种。秸秆吸收猪粪水的堆肥，氮、磷、钾含量高于吸收猪粪水厌氧消化液的堆肥。以猪粪水厌氧消化液或麦秆为原料的堆肥不利于腐殖酸，特别是胡敏酸的形成，而玉米秆+猪粪水、稻草+猪粪水的堆肥有利于胡敏酸的形成。结果证明采用堆肥过程处理利用猪场废水是可行的。     

Interactions between mitochondrial lipid oxidation and oxymyoglobin oxidation and the effects of vitamin E

Off-flavor and discoloration of meat products result from lipid oxidation and myoglobin (Mb) oxidation, respectively, and these two processes appear to be interrelated. The objective of this study was to investigate their potential interaction in mitochondria and the effects of mitochondrial alpha-tocopherol concentrations on lipid oxidation and metmyoglobin (MetMb) formation in vitro. The addition of ascorbic acid and ferric chloride (AA-Fe(3+)) increased ovine and bovine mitochondrial lipid oxidation when compared with their controls (p < 0.05); MetMb formation also increased with increased lipid oxidation relative to controls (p < 0.05). Reactions containing Mb and mitochondria with greater alpha-tocopherol concentrations demonstrated less lipid oxidation and MetMb formation than mitochondria with lower alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Greater mitochondrial alpha-tocopherol concentration was also correlated with increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption in vitro and with a more pronounced effect at pH 7.2 than at pH 5.6. Relative to controls, succinate addition to bovine mitochondria resulted in increased concentrations of ubiquinol 10 and alpha-tocopherol and decreased lipid and Mb oxidation (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial lipid oxidation was closely related to MetMb formation; both processes were inhibited by alpha-tocopherol in a concentration-dependent manner.     

Enzyme-electropolymer-based amperometric biosensors: an innovative platform for time-temperature integrators

A novel exogenous time-temperature integrator (TTI) based on an amperometric glucose oxidase biosensor is presented. The TTI consists of the enzyme entrapped within an electrochemically generated poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) thin film deposited on the interior wall of a platinum (Pt) or a platinized stainless steel (Pt-SS) capsule. After thermal treatment, the TTI is mounted in a continuous flow system and connected to a potentiostat for amperometric detection of residual enzyme activity. A measurement is completed within 10 min. Isothermal treatments were carried out between 70 and 79.7 degrees C. Thermal inactivation of the immobilized enzyme followed apparent first-order kinetics with z values of 6.2 +/- 0.6 and 6.6 +/- 0.8 degrees C for Pt and Pt-SS capsules, respectively. These z values suggest that the proposed TTIs have the potential to assess pasteurization processes that target microorganism such as Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7.     

Concentration and deposition of trace metals in Ontario-1982

Results of trace metal concentrations in air and precipitation and the corresponding wet and dry deposition in Ontario in 1982 arc reported. In terms of the spatial patterns, in general, there was a decreasing gradient from south-to-north in both concentration and deposition. Patterns differed with each parameter although certain groups of metals (e.g., Fe and Al; Pb, Zn, and Mn) displayed similar patterns. In general, wet deposition was greater than dry deposition at all sites. Geographically, the variability in the wet to dry deposition ratio for coarse particles (MMD > 2.5 μm) was small. However, it increased from the south to the north for fine particles (MMD < 2.5 μm), being higher away from the source areas. Scavenging ratios (W) have been derived from the precipitation and air concentrations of trace metals. The scatter in W is quite large for all trace metals, up to 2 orders of magnitude. There was little seasonal variability in W for fine particles (Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cd). However, coarse particles (Fe, Al, and Cu) were more efficiently scavenged by snow than by rain.