Aerosol delivery of kinase-deficient Akt1 attenuates Clara cell injury induced by naphthalene in the lungs of dual luciferase mice

Conventional lung cancer therapies are associated with poor survival rates; therefore, new approaches such as gene therapy are required for treating cancer. Gene therapies for treating lung cancer patients can involve several approaches. Among these, aerosol gene delivery is a potentially more effective approach. In this study, Akt1 kinase-deficient (KD) and wild-type (WT) Akt1 were delivered to the lungs of CMV-LucR-cMyc-IRES-LucF dual reporter mice through a nose only inhalation system using glucosylated polyethylenimine and naphthalene was administrated to the mice via intraperitoneal injection. Aerosol delivery of Akt1 WT and naphthalene treatment increased protein levels of downstream substrates of Akt signaling pathway while aerosol delivery of Akt1 KD did not. Our results showed that naphthalene affected extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein levels, ERK-related signaling, and induced Clara cell injury. However, Clara cell injury induced by naphthalene was considerably attenuated in mice exposed to Akt1 KD. Furthermore, a dual luciferase activity assay showed that aerosol delivery of Akt1 WT and naphthalene treatment enhanced cap-dependent protein translation, while reduced cap-dependent protein translation was observed after delivering Akt1 KD. These studies demonstrated that our aerosol delivery is compatible for in vivo gene delivery.     

遮荫对3种芦荟蒽醌类物质的影响

采用高效液相色谱技术,研究遮荫对中华芦荟、库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟叶片中主要有效成分蒽醌类物质的影响。结果显示:遮荫处理导致库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟中总蒽醌、芦荟素和芦荟大黄素含量明显降低,中华芦荟中这些物质的含量却显著增加;库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟中蒽醌类物质种类减少,中华芦荟中物质种类增加。结果说明,遮荫处理,不利于库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟中蒽醌类物质的积累,但能刺激中华芦荟中芦荟素等蒽醌类物质的合成。     

甘蔗叶不同还田方式对土壤养分的影响

为减轻秸秆焚烧所带来的环境问题和充分利用甘蔗叶资源,在大田环境下动态监测甘蔗叶粉碎、焚烧和深埋3种还田方式对土壤养分的影响。结果表明:甘蔗叶粉碎还田和深埋还田有利于甘蔗叶中有机碳及氮、磷、钾养分的缓慢释放;甘蔗叶焚烧还田提高了土壤碱解氮含量5.6~20.9 mg/kg和速效磷含量0.8~4.0 mg/kg,促进土壤中氮磷向有效态转化,焚烧还田初期显著增加了土壤速效钾的含量12.3~18.3 mg/kg,但焚烧会损失部分甘蔗叶中碳氮元素,也造成环境污染。综合分析认为甘蔗叶粉碎还田是比较省工、方便的处理方式。     

MAPK级联在玉米抗病反应和植保素代谢调控中的作用分析

利用MAPK级联抑制剂U0126和PD98059特异抑制MAPK信号传递途径后,使用禾谷镰刀菌侵染或脱落酸(ABA)处理玉米自交系Mo17幼苗,利用qRT-PCR分析植保素关键基因表达情况,观察MAPK级联对玉米响应禾谷镰刀菌侵染的情况。结果表明,抑制MAPK级联后,玉米叶片对禾谷镰刀菌侵染更加敏感,发病率显著提高,禾谷镰刀菌对植保素相关基因TPS6、An2、CYP71Z18、KSL5和TPS1的诱导受到抑制,且转录因子WRKY79的表达也被抑制,说明在玉米叶片中植保素的产生受MAPK级联的调控。玉米根系在MAPK级联被抑制后,ABA对这些基因表达的诱导同样受到抑制。说明MAPK级联参与植物抗病反应,在玉米叶片和根部MAPK级联可能通过调控转录因子ZmWRKY79参与对植保素代谢的调控,为玉米抗病反应机理研究提供理论依据。     

用于SSR分析的大豆DNA的快速提取

描述了一种可从大豆种子及叶片中快速提取DNA的方法，既节省时间，又可获得供上百次PCR扩增使用的DNA，并通过实验证明该方法获得的DNA可用于大豆SSR分析。     

Quality traits related to lipid component in hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.) germplasm

In order to accelerate breeding progress of oil-used hemp, 8 quality traits related to lipid component were measured and analyzed in 55 representative hemp germplasms. Results showed that linolenic acid content had the highest variance coefficient of 51.67% as well as protein content had minimum variance coefficient of 4.07%. Correlation analysis showed that total oil content was significantly positively correlated to linolenic acid, while significantly negatively correlated with oleinic acid. Protein content was significantly positively correlated with linolenic acid but significantly negatively with stearic acid. Both total oil and protein content were closely correlated with other traits. The first 3 PCs from principal component analysis of 8 traits accounted for 83.53% contribution. All hemp germplasms were classified into 3 groups at the level of euclidian distance D=8.5 using cluster analysis. The above analysis and classification may provide a reliable theoretical basis and technological guidance for germplasms utilizing and accelerating breeding process.     

甘蔗二点螟杀虫真菌绿僵菌的筛选与毒力测定

从椰心叶甲僵虫上分离得到10株对甘蔗二点螟具有较好致病性的绿僵菌,其中MC3的致病性最好,校正死亡率为89.16%,且甘蔗二点螟的校正死亡率随着MC3菌株孢子浓度的增加而逐渐提高,当浓度为1.0×107个/mL时,其死亡率为93.02%。MC3菌株在SDAY培养基菌丝生长及产孢效果最好,孢子萌发的最适温度是25～28℃。     

Magnetic resonance imaging and analyses of tempering processes in rice kernels

This research involved a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that was applied to examine water distribution and migration in single rice kernels during the tempering process. The imaging experiments were performed in a Bruker 9.4T MRI system. Three-dimensional spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences were optimized by adjusting the scanning parameters of echo time (TE) and repetition time (TR) to obtain images with maximum contrast. The MR images showed that the moisture distribution in the rice kernel is non-uniform and compartmental. The embryo region exhibited much higher MR signal intensity than the starchy endosperm portion. The tempering process was analyzed with spatial-temporal signal intensities of the endosperm following the drying process of the rice kernel. The transient change of the signal intensities in the endosperm was well fitted with a double exponential function suggesting that both convection and diffusion contributed to the reduction of the moisture gradient within the rice kernel during tempering. This hypothesis was further supported by the experimental data of the insulated rice kernel whose convective mass transfer was excluded. The experimental results revealed that MR imaging of rice kernels could be used as an efficient tool to examine the mechanisms of moisture migration within cereal grains.     

东北北部高寒区大豆品系因子分析及综合评价

为合理利用大豆种质资源,选取适合寒区种植的大豆品系,2017年在黑龙江省黑河市嫩江县鹤山农场对30份大豆品系的10个农艺性状及产量性状进行变异性、相关性、因子分析和聚类分析。结果表明:大豆种质资源10个农艺性状的变异系数为4.66%~87.53%,其中单株瘪荚数变异系数最大,单位面积株数变异系数最小;因子分析将10个性状浓缩为4个主因子,分别为结荚数因子、高度因子、粒重因子和株数因子,且累计贡献率高达84.74%;聚类分析表明,30份大豆品系可聚类成3大类,第1类群共计15份品系,第2类群共计11份品系,第3类群共计4份品系,分别为CS1737、CS1733、CS1704和CS1761,适宜该寒区推广种植。